A Machine Learning Application to Classify Patients at Differing Levels of Risk of Opioid Use Disorder: Clinician-Based Validation Study.

Background: Despite restrictive opioid management guidelines, opioid use disorder (OUD) remains a major public health concern. Machine learning (ML) offers a promising avenue for identifying and alerting clinicians about OUD, thus supporting better clinical decision-making regarding treatment.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the clinical validity of an ML application designed to identify and alert clinicians of different levels of OUD risk by comparing it to a structured review of medical records by clinicians.

[ChatGPT in clinical practice: prospects and challenges].

Virtually unknown to the greater public before November 2022, ChatGPT was made available in open access in Autumn 2022, driving the perspective of artificial intelligence integration to the forefront of daily life. The field of medicine hasn't been left aside, and sparks as much interest as it does questions. Although this tool has considerable potential for use in clinical practice, it, like others, has limitations that need to be clearly understood to avoid misuse.

Running against the clock: a qualitative study of internal medicine residents' work experience.

Aim Of The Study: While hospitals are adopting strategies designed to increase the overall efficiency of the healthcare system, physicians are facing expanding requirements. Such changes in work environment add new psychosocial and physical stressors. Building on a previous quantitative time-motion study, we conducted a qualitative study to better understand the work experience of internal medicine residents.

[The Internal medicine articles that struck us the most in 2021].

The year 2021 has seen many breakthroughs in general internal medicine, despite the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, with multiple implications in our daily clinical practice. From shorter antibiotic treatment duration in community-acquired pneumonia, to new indications for colchicine treatment, without forgetting better targets of hemoglobin for transfusion, questioning of the interest of high dose vitamin D substitution when preventing falls in older patients and finally disappointing hopes for new indications of albumin substitution in cirrhosis, the literature is full of new evidence. Each year, the chief residents of the internal medicine ward in Lausanne university hospital (CHUV) in Switzerland meet up to share their readings: here is a selection of ten articles, chosen, summarized, and commented for you.

[Medical informatics in response to COVID-19 The experience of the Service of Internal Medicine at CHUV].

Medical informatics played a decisive role in the management of the health crisis linked to COVID-19, in particular for the support of hospital clinical, governance and communication activities. In this article, we present the experience of CHUV's Internal Medicine Service in these three areas, and analyse some critical points of our information system revealed by the crisis. The development, implementation, and maintenance of new IT tools during the crisis is a challenge.

[Computerized clinical decision support for medication in the electronic health record].

Medication prescribing is a critical feature in the electronic health record (EHR). Computerized Clinical Decision Support (CCDS) for medication prescribing has the potential to improve quality of care, patient safety and reduce cost. However, its development, implementation, and maintenance in the clinical environment, are major challenges.

[Visual diagnosis : between medical education and advances in artificial intelligence].

The electrocardiogram, chest x-ray, and skin lesion interpretation are a diagnostic process that applies image analysis. Knowledge and sufficient clinical experience are necessary to achieve expertise in these fields. However, recent advances in medical informatics, particularly in deep learning, are challenging this diagnostic process and physicians' performance.

Association of body temperature with obesity. The CoLaus study.

Background And Aims: There is conflicting evidence regarding the association between body temperature and obesity. We aimed to assess the associations between body temperature and several adiposity and metabolic markers according to gender and menopausal status in a large population-based sample.

Methods: The data collected between 2009 and 2012 from 4224 participants (mean age 57.

[The electronic patient record - a great opportunity to rethink medical information and its use].

Since the early 2000s, the management of information concerning patient care has fundamentally changed. Previously stored in separate medical and nursing paper medical records, patient data are now gathered in a single electronic health record (EHR) thanks to the digitization of our hospitals, whose development and mastery are a major issue in today's health system.

Impact of smoking on fertility and age of menopause: a population-based assessment.

Background And Aims: Studies in patients seeking medically assisted reproduction have shown that smoking reduces fertility, but little information is available in the general population. We assessed the associations between smoking and the number of children, childbearing planning and age at menopause in a representative sample of the population of Lausanne, Switzerland.

Methods: Data from 6711 participants (3530 women, age range 35-75 years) collected between 2003 and 2006 and again in 2009 and 2012.

Association between anti-apolipoprotein A-1 antibodies and cardiovascular disease in the general population. Results from the CoLaus study.

We aimed to determine the association between autoantibodies against apolipoprotein A-1 (anti-apoA-1 IgG) and prevalent cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) as well as markers of CV risk in the general population. Cross-sectional data were obtained from 6649 subjects (age 52.6 ± 10.

[2015 highlights in hospital-based internal medicine by chief residents].

The year 2015 gave us many scientific publications, among whom some will have an impact on our daily practice and some will influence our way of considering some well known diseases. Chief residents in the Service of internal medicine of the Lausanne University hospital, gathered like every year, to share their readings together in order to presentyou a small part of the many publications of 2015, which have been considered to have an impact on our future daily practice.

Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies six novel loci associated with habitual coffee consumption.

Coffee, a major dietary source of caffeine, is among the most widely consumed beverages in the world and has received considerable attention regarding health risks and benefits. We conducted a genome-wide (GW) meta-analysis of predominately regular-type coffee consumption (cups per day) among up to 91,462 coffee consumers of European ancestry with top single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) followed-up in ~30 062 and 7964 coffee consumers of European and African-American ancestry, respectively. Studies from both stages were combined in a trans-ethnic meta-analysis.

Depression with atypical features and increase in obesity, body mass index, waist circumference, and fat mass: a prospective, population-based study.

Importance: Depression and obesity are 2 prevalent disorders that have been repeatedly shown to be associated. However, the mechanisms and temporal sequence underlying this association are poorly understood.

Objective: To determine whether the subtypes of major depressive disorder (MDD; melancholic, atypical, combined, or unspecified) are predictive of adiposity in terms of the incidence of obesity and changes in body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), waist circumference, and fat mass.

GWAS of 126,559 individuals identifies genetic variants associated with educational attainment.

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of educational attainment was conducted in a discovery sample of 101,069 individuals and a replication sample of 25,490. Three independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are genome-wide significant (rs9320913, rs11584700, rs4851266), and all three replicate. Estimated effects sizes are small (coefficient of determination R(2) ≈ 0.

Overlap between common genetic polymorphisms underpinning kidney traits and cardiovascular disease phenotypes: the CKDGen consortium.

Background: Chronic kidney disease is associated with cardiovascular disease. We tested for evidence of a shared genetic basis to these traits.

Study Design: We conducted 2 targeted analyses.

Adipocytokines, hepatic and inflammatory biomarkers and incidence of type 2 diabetes. the CoLaus study.

Context: There is contradictory information regarding the prognostic importance of adipocytokines, hepatic and inflammatory biomarkers on the incidence of type 2 diabetes. The objective was to assess the prognostic relevance of adipocytokine and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein - CRP; interleukin-1beta - IL-1β; interleukin-6- IL-6; tumour necrosis factor-α - TNF-α; leptin and adiponectin) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γGT) on the incidence of type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Prospective, population-based study including 3,842 non-diabetic participants (43.

Seventy-five genetic loci influencing the human red blood cell.

Anaemia is a chief determinant of global ill health, contributing to cognitive impairment, growth retardation and impaired physical capacity. To understand further the genetic factors influencing red blood cells, we carried out a genome-wide association study of haemoglobin concentration and related parameters in up to 135,367 individuals. Here we identify 75 independent genetic loci associated with one or more red blood cell phenotypes at P < 10(-8), which together explain 4-9% of the phenotypic variance per trait.

Association between inflammatory and obesity markers in a Swiss population-based sample (CoLaus Study).

Objective: To assess the associations between obesity markers (BMI, waist circumference and %body fat) and inflammatory markers (interleukin-1β (IL-1β); interleukin-6 (IL-6); tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)).

Methods: Population sample of 2,884 men and 3,201 women aged 35-75 years. Associations were assessed using ridge regression adjusting for age, leisure-time physical activity, and smoking.

Physical activity and energy expenditure in rheumatoid arthritis patients and matched controls.

Objectives: To compare daily energy expenditure between RA patients and matched controls, and to explore the relationship between daily energy expenditure or sedentariness and disease-related scores.

Methods: One hundred and ten patients with RA and 440 age- and sex-matched controls were included in this study. Energy expenditure was assessed using the validated physical activity (PA) frequency questionnaire.

Current genetic data do not improve the prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the CoLaus study.

Context: Several genetic risk scores to identify asymptomatic subjects at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been proposed, but it is unclear whether they add extra information to risk scores based on clinical and biological data.

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the extra clinical value of genetic risk scores in predicting the occurrence of T2DM.

Design: This was a prospective study, with a mean follow-up time of 5 yr.

Associations between alcohol consumption and selected cytokines in a Swiss population-based sample (CoLaus study).

Objective: To assess the associations between alcohol consumption and cytokine levels (interleukin-1beta - IL-1β; interleukin-6 - IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α - TNF-α) in a Caucasian population.

Methods: Population sample of 2884 men and 3201 women aged 35-75. Alcohol consumption was categorized as nondrinkers, low (1-6 drinks/week), moderate (7-13/week) and high (14+/week).

Association between circulating cytokine levels, diabetes and insulin resistance in a population-based sample (CoLaus study).

Objective: The associations between inflammation, diabetes and insulin resistance remain controversial. Hence, we assessed the associations between diabetes, insulin resistance (using HOMA-IR) and metabolic syndrome with the inflammatory markers high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).

Design: Cross-sectional study.