Different pathways to lung cancer diagnosis in a real-life setting.

Background: Most lung cancers are diagnosed at an advanced stage and therefore have a poor prognosis. One major challenge is to choose the most adapted sampling technique to obtain a rapid pathological diagnosis so as to start treatment as early as possible. A growing number of techniques have been developed in recent years.

Long-term outcomes of CPAP-treated sleep apnea patients: Impact of blood-pressure responses after CPAP initiation and of treatment adherence.

Background And Objective: In randomized controlled trials, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is reported as lowering blood pressure (BP) with a mean systolic blood pressure effect size of 2.5 mmHg. These trials have a median follow-up of less than 6 months.

RBM10-TFE3 fusions: A FISH-concealed anomaly in adult renal cell carcinomas displaying a variety of morphological and genomic features: Comprehensive study of six novel cases.

The accurate diagnosis of Xp11-translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in adults is challenging. TFE3 (located on chromosome X) fuses with a partner gene generally located on another chromosome. In rare cases TFE3 may fuse with a neighboring gene: RBM10.

What are the barriers to the completion of a home-based rehabilitation programme for patients awaiting surgery for lung cancer: a prospective observational study.

Objectives: Home-based rehabilitation programmes (H-RPs) could facilitate the implementation of pulmonary rehabilitation prior to resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but their feasibility has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to identify determinants of non-completion of an H-RP and the factors associated with medical events occurring 30 days after hospital discharge.

Design: A prospective observational study.

Comparison of Auto- and Fixed-Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Air Leak in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Auto-CPAP may cause sleep fragmentation due to variations in pressure and unintentional leaks. The aim of this study was to compare air leak between fixed-CPAP and auto-CPAP after 4 months of CPAP treatment. This study is an ancillary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, parallel, controlled trial over 4 months, comparing fixed- and auto-CPAP in newly diagnosed patients with OSA.

De Novo Malignancies Screening After Liver Transplantation for Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Comparative Opportunistic Study.

Patients having received a liver transplantation (LT) for alcoholic liver disease (ALD) have a high risk of de novo malignancies, especially in the upper aerodigestive tract and lungs due to their smoking and alcohol history. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare a group of patients transplanted for ALD who continue to smoke and who were included in an intensive screening program for tobacco-related cancers implemented at the Grenoble University Hospital and a group of similar patients followed according to usual practice (chest computed tomography [CT] scan every 5 years) at the Edouard Herriot Hospital in Lyon. The intensive screening program consisted of an annual checkup, including a clinical examination by an otorhinolaryngologist, a chest CT scan, and an upper digestive endoscopy.

Severe central sleep apnoea associated with nalmefene: a case report.

Nalmefene, an opioid antagonist, has recently been approved for the treatment of alcohol dependence. We describe here the first case of a 52-year-old woman who developed a severe central sleep apnoea (CSA) 5 months after initiation of nalmefene. Scoring of ventilation during sleep recording revealed an apnoea-hypopnoea index of 67/h with 98.

Sarcoidosis, inorganic dust exposure and content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: the MINASARC pilot study.

Inhalation of mineral dust was suggested to contribute to sarcoidosis. We compared the mineral exposome of 20 sarcoidosis and 20 matched healthy subjects. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were treated by digestion-filtration and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy.

Quadriceps muscle fat infiltration is associated with cardiometabolic risk in COPD.

Purpose: Losses of peripheral muscle mass and ectopic fat accumulation have been associated with cardiometabolic morbidity in COPD. We aimed at identifying the relationship between quadriceps muscle fat infiltration and cardiovascular risk.

Materials And Methods: From 2009 to 2014, 78 COPD patients (64 ± 8 years; 80% male) were prospectively included after having given written consent (ethical committee approval number: 2006-A00491-50).

Differentiating pre- and minimally invasive from invasive adenocarcinoma using CT-features in persistent pulmonary part-solid nodules in Caucasian patients.

Objective: To retrospectively investigate the diagnostic value of pre-operative CT-features between pre/minimally invasive and invasive lesions in part-solid persistent pulmonary ground glass nodules in a Caucasian population.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective review of two pre-operative CTs for 31 nodules in 30 patients. There were 10 adenocarcinomas in situ, 1 minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, 20 invasive adenocarcinomas.

Lung squamous cell carcinomas with basaloid histology represent a specific molecular entity.

Purpose: The basaloid carcinoma (pure) and the (mixed) basaloid variant of lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have a dismal prognosis but their underlying specific molecular characteristics remain obscure and no therapy has proven to be efficient.

Experimental Design: To assess their molecular specificity among other lung SCCs we analyzed DNA copy number aberrations and mRNA expression pangenomic profiles of 93 SCCs, including 42 basaloid samples (24 pure, 18 mixed).

Results: Supervised analyses reveal that pure basaloid tumors display a specific mRNA expression profile, encoding factors controlling the cell cycle, transcription, chromatin, and splicing, with prevalent expression in germline and stem cells, while genes related to squamous differentiation are underexpressed.

Rebiopsy during disease progression in patients treated by TKI for oncogene-addicted NSCLC.

All lung cancer patients with mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or rearranged EML4-ALK eventually develop acquired resistance to treatment. Rebiopsy may give insight into the resistance mechanisms and direct further lines of treatment. Here, we evaluate the potential interest and limitations of rebiopsy.

Reduced six-minute walking distance, high fat-free-mass index and hypercapnia are associated with endothelial dysfunction in COPD.

This study investigated the determinants of endothelial function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Digital pulse amplitude augmentation was measured by post-ischemic reactive hyperemia (RH-PAT) in 44 COPD patients and analyzed with covariates: condition vs. exacerbation, fat-free mass index (FFMI), pulmonary function, blood pressure, inflammation, six-minute walking distance, muscle function, medications, diabetes and prevalent cardiovascular diseases.

Effect of lung volume and gravity on the attenuation and size of a pure ground-glass nodule.

Detecting potentially malignant changes in a pure ground-glass nodule (GGN) is challenging. The development of a solid component is a known sign, which may help in differentiating benign from malignant GGN. We report the case of a 58-year-old man presenting with a pure GGN in the posterior segment of the right lower lobe.

Wegener granulomatosis revealed by pleural effusion.

Pulmonary signs are common in Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). However, an initial presentation including pleural effusion has not been described. We describe a case of WG in which pleural effusion was the first clinical manifestation.

Cigarette smoking, preinvasive bronchial lesions, and autofluorescence bronchoscopy.

Study Objectives: Autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB), when used as an adjunct to standard white light bronchoscopy (WLB), enhances the bronchoscopist's ability to localize small neoplastic lesions, especially intraepithelial lesions. The current study was undertaken in order to define the population in which the rate of detection is higher using AFB.

Design And Patients: Two hundred forty-four consecutive patients, who were symptomatic smokers or patients who previously had been treated for lung cancer or head and neck cancers, underwent WLB and AFB.