Double strike without stroke: a postpartum headache with too many causes.

Introduction: Pregnancy and postpartum are phases in the women's life where the thrombotic risk is increased both on the venous and on the arterial side.

Methods: We are presenting the case of a young woman at the third pregnancy, carried out without complications until delivery, whose postpartum was characterized by the occurrence of headache. Neuroimaging studies were performed, firstly brain computed tomography (CT) with CT Angiography and after brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with MR Angiography.

Recurrent Falls as the Only Clinical Sign of Cortical-Subcortical Myoclonus: A Case Report.

Some authors use the term cortical-subcortical myoclonus to identify a specific type of myoclonus, which differs from classical cortical myoclonus in that the abnormal neuronal activity spreads between the cortical and subcortical circuits, producing diffuse excitation. The EEG shows generalized spike-and-wave discharges that correlate with the myoclonic jerks. We report the case of a 79-year-old patient with a history of right thalamic deep hemorrhagic stroke, with favorable evolution.

Genetic and Epidemiological Insights into RAB32-Linked Parkinson's Disease.

Background: The p.Ser71Arg RAB32 variant was recently associated with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Objective: The aim was to investigate the presence of RAB32 variants in a large multiethnic group of individuals affected and unaffected by PD.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder as a first manifestation of Ataxia with Oculomotor Apraxia type 2 due to a novel mutation of SETX gene.

Background: Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2 (AOA2) is an autosomal recessive disorder presenting with cerebellar ataxia, sensory-motor axonal neuropathy, oculomotor apraxia, cerebellar atrophy and high alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) serum level. AOA2 is due to coding mutations of the SETX gene, mapped to chromosome 9q34. Seldom noncoding mutations affecting RNA processing have been reported too.

Acute Encephalopathies in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Clinical and Neuroimaging Perspective.

Neurological manifestations are frequent in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and can be correlated with different pathogenic mechanisms which can be divided into two categories: direct invasion of the central nervous system by the virus and indirect effects deriving from the severity of the systemic infection and by the inflammatory response correlated with cytokine storm. Among the neurological manifestations, acute encephalopathy is very frequent and its nomenclature has recently been updated. The occurrence of a condition of altered mental status, reduced consciousness, delirium up to coma represents an element associated with a greater severity of the infection and mortality both in an Intensive Care Unit setting and in an Emergency Department setting.

Pathophysiology of COVID-19-Related Extrapyramidal Disorders.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with a variety of neurological manifestations (i.e., anosmia, ageusia, myalgia, headache) and neurological syndromes (i.

Neurosteroid Levels in GBA Mutated and Non-Mutated Parkinson's Disease: A Possible Factor Influencing Clinical Phenotype?

Neurosteroids are pleiotropic molecules involved in various neurodegenerative diseases with neuroinflammation. We assessed neurosteroids' serum levels in a cohort of Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients with heterozygous glucocerebrosidase (GBA) mutations (GBA-PD) compared with matched cohorts of consecutive non-mutated PD (NM-PD) patients and healthy subjects with (GBA-HC) and without (NM-HC) GBA mutations. A consecutive cohort of GBA-PD was paired for age, sex, disease duration, Hoehn and Yahr stage, and comorbidities with a cohort of consecutive NM-PD.

Neurovascular Issues in Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Arterial Vasculopathy from Small to Large Vessels in a Neuroradiological Perspective.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune prothrombotic condition characterized by venous thromboembolism, arterial thrombosis, and pregnancy morbidity. Among neurological manifestations, arterial thrombosis is only one of the possible associated clinical and neuroradiological features. The aim of this review is to address from a neurovascular point of view the multifaceted range of the arterial side of APS.

Statin use and long-term risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage: the MUCH-Italy.

Background: Whether statin use after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) increases the risk of recurrent ICH is uncertain.

Methods: In the setting of the Multicentric Study on Cerebral Haemorrhage in Italy we followed up a cohort of 30-day ICH survivors, consecutively admitted from January 2002 to July 2014, to assess whether the use of statins after the acute event is associated with recurrent cerebral bleeding.

Results: 1623 patients (mean age, 73.

RNF213 Polymorphisms in Intracranial Artery Dissection.

The ring finger protein 213 gene (RNF213) is involved in several vascular diseases, both intracranial and systemic ones. Some variants are common in the Asian population and are reported as a risk factor for moyamoya disease, intracranial stenosis and intracranial aneurysms. Among intracranial vascular diseases, both moyamoya disease and intracranial artery dissection are more prevalent in the Asian population.

Increased glucosylsphingosine levels and Gaucher disease in GBA1-associated Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Gaucher's disease (GD) is caused by biallelic mutations in the GBA1 gene, leading to reduced glucocerebrosidase (GCase) activity and substrate (glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine, GlcSph) accumulation. GBA1 variant carriers are at risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), but only those with biallelic mutations cross the threshold of GCase reduction, leading to substrate accumulation and GD. The link between GBA1 mutations, GD and PD is not fully understood.

Exploring therapeutic interventions for functional neurological disorders: a comprehensive scoping review.

Functional Neurological Disorders (FNDs) are characterized by the symptoms experienced by the individuals but also by how they express personal experiences and concerns related to the clinical condition. Access to care programs for functional neurological symptoms appears challenging and may entail circular, self-perpetuating healthcare pathways. Given the challenging and misleading interpretations around FND, in advocating for care pathways beyond medical therapies, we designed a scoping review to map recently suggested practices and interventions.

Multifaceted superoxide dismutase 1 expression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: a rare occurrence?

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neuromuscular condition resulting from the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. While the typical clinical phenotype of ALS involves both upper and lower motor neurons, human and animal studies over the years have highlighted the potential spread to other motor and non-motor regions, expanding the phenotype of ALS. Although superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) mutations represent a minority of ALS cases, the SOD1 gene remains a milestone in ALS research as it represents the first genetic target for personalized therapies.