Highly efficient platinum group metal free based membrane-electrode assembly for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis.

Low-temperature electricity-driven water splitting is an established technology for hydrogen production. However, the two main types, namely proton exchange membrane (PEM) and liquid alkaline electrolysis, have limitations. For instance, PEM electrolysis requires a high amount of costly platinum-group-metal (PGM) catalysts, and liquid alkaline electrolysis is not well suited for intermittent operation.

Complexation of beryllium(II) ion by phosphinate ligands in aqueous solution. Synthesis and XRPD structure determination of Be[(PhPO2)2CH2](H2O)2.

Two bifunctional ligands, phenyl(carboxymethyl)phosphinate (ccp(2-) and P,P'-diphenylmethylenediphosphinate (pcp(2-)), have been tested as chelating agents of beryllium(II). Both ligands have the same charge and a similar chelating structure, but whereas the 1:1 adduct of pcp(2-), Be(pcp)(H(2)O)(2), could be isolated as a white powder, no pure compound could be isolated from solutions containing beryllium(II) and ccp(2-). Instead, the solutions were examined by means of potentiometry and (9)Be NMR spectroscopy.

Different complexation properties of some hydroxy keto heterocycles toward beryllium(II) in aqueous solutions: experimental and theoretical studies.

Four heterocycles containing hydroxy and keto functionalities have been tested as chelating agents of beryllium(II). These are in the order (i) 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (maltol, Hma), (ii) 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one (kojic acid, Hka), (iii) 3-hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-4-pyridinone (Hdpp), (iv) 1-(3-hydroxy-2-furanyl)ethanone (isomaltol, Hima). Although the skeletons of the first three species, with one nitrogen or oxygen heteroatom at the six-membered ring, are almost superimposable, straightforward synthesis and crystallization is achieved only for the 1:2 adduct Be(dpp)(2), 1.