Brain PET Imaging in the Presurgical Evaluation of Drug-Resistant Focal Epilepsy.

Presurgical evaluation aims to localize the seizure onset zone (SOZ) for a tailored resection. Interictal [F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET is now an established test to lateralize and/or localize the SOZ, particularly if MR imaging is negative or if the noninvasive assessment shows discrepancies. PET can show hypometabolic areas associated with SOZ and the potential altered metabolic brain networks.

EANM practice guidelines for an appropriate use of PET and SPECT for patients with epilepsy.

Epilepsy is one of the most frequent neurological conditions with an estimated prevalence of more than 50 million people worldwide and an annual incidence of two million. Although pharmacotherapy with anti-seizure medication (ASM) is the treatment of choice, ~30% of patients with epilepsy do not respond to ASM and become drug resistant. Focal epilepsy is the most frequent form of epilepsy.

A 3D convolutional neural network to classify subjects as Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia or healthy controls using brain 18F-FDG PET.

With the arrival of disease-modifying drugs, neurodegenerative diseases will require an accurate diagnosis for optimal treatment. Convolutional neural networks are powerful deep learning techniques that can provide great help to physicians in image analysis. The purpose of this study is to introduce and validate a 3D neural network for classification of Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) or cognitively normal (CN) subjects based on brain glucose metabolism.

Optimization of Automated Radiosynthesis of Gallium-68-Labeled PSMA11 with Two [Ge]Ge/[Ga]Ga Generators: Fractional Elution or Prepurification?

Prostate cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer in men. An imaging technique for its diagnosis is [Ga]-prostate-specific membrane antigen ([Ga]Ga-PSMA-11) positron emission tomography (PET). To address the increasing demand for [Ga]-labeled peptides and reduce the cost of radiosynthesis, it is therefore necessary to optimize the elution process of [Ge]Ge/[Ga]Ga generators.

EANM procedure guidelines for brain PET imaging using [F]FDG, version 3.

The present procedural guidelines summarize the current views of the EANM Neuro-Imaging Committee (NIC). The purpose of these guidelines is to assist nuclear medicine practitioners in making recommendations, performing, interpreting, and reporting results of [F]FDG-PET imaging of the brain. The aim is to help achieve a high-quality standard of [F]FDG brain imaging and to further increase the diagnostic impact of this technique in neurological, neurosurgical, and psychiatric practice.

EANM practice guideline/SNMMI procedure standard for dopaminergic imaging in Parkinsonian syndromes 1.0.

Purpose: This joint practice guideline or procedure standard was developed collaboratively by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI). The goal of this guideline is to assist nuclear medicine practitioners in recommending, performing, interpreting, and reporting the results of dopaminergic imaging in parkinsonian syndromes.

Methods: Currently nuclear medicine investigations can assess both presynaptic and postsynaptic function of dopaminergic synapses.

Metabolic correlates of cognitive impairment in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the correlations between brain metabolism and cognitive impairment in patients with drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).

Methods: [F]-FluoroDeoxyGlucose positron emission tomography ([F]-FDG-PET) and neuropsychological assessment were performed in 97 patients with MTLE (53 females, 15-56 years old, mean: 31.6 years, standard deviation (SD) = 10.

Three-year changes of cortical F-FDG in amnestic vs. non-amnestic sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose: To examine and compare longitudinal changes of cortical glucose metabolism in amnestic and non-amnestic sporadic forms of early-onset Alzheimer's disease and assess potential associations with neuropsychological performance over a 3-year period time.

Methods: Eighty-two participants meeting criteria for early-onset (< 65 years) sporadic form of probable Alzheimer's disease and presenting with a variety of clinical phenotypes (47 amnestic and 35 non-amnestic forms) were included at baseline and followed up for 1.44 ± 1.

Using EQ·PET to reduce reconstruction-dependent variations in [F]FDG-PET brain imaging.

This study aims at assessing whether EANM harmonisation strategy combined with EQ·PET methodology could be successfully applied to harmonize brain 2-deoxy-2[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) images. The NEMA NU 2 body phantom was prepared according to the EANM guidelines with an [F]FDG solution. Raw PET phantom data were reconstructed with three different reconstruction protocols frequently used in clinical PET brain imaging: ([Formula: see text]) Ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) 3D with time of flight (TOF), 2 iterations and 21 subsets; ([Formula: see text]) OSEM 3D with TOF, 6 iterations and 21 subsets; and ([Formula: see text]) OSEM 3D with TOF, point spread function (PSF), and 8 iterations and 21 subsets.

The relationship between CSF biomarkers and cerebral metabolism in early-onset Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose: One can reasonably suppose that cerebrospinal spinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers can identify distinct subgroups of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. In order to better understand differences in CSF biomarker patterns, we used FDG PET to assess cerebral metabolism in CSF-based subgroups of AD patients.

Methods: Eighty-five patients fulfilling the criteria for probable early-onset AD (EOAD) underwent lumbar puncture, brain F-FDG PET and MRI.

Correction to: F-FDG PET in drug-resistant epilepsy due to focal cortical dysplasia type 2: additional value of electroclinical data and coregistration with MRI.

The original version of this article has added numbers in the text which are unnecessary. Correct line should be: "We also performed PET/MRI based surgical resections in an increasing number of MRI negative/ doubtful cases with favourable outcome."

F-FDG PET in drug-resistant epilepsy due to focal cortical dysplasia type 2: additional value of electroclinical data and coregistration with MRI.

Purpose: To assess the localizing value of F-FDG PET in patients operated on for drug-resistant epilepsy due to focal cortical dysplasia type 2 (FCD).

Methods: We analysed F-FDG PET scans from 103 consecutive patients (52 males, 7-65 years old) with histologically proven FCD. PET and MRI data were first reviewed by visual analysis blinded to clinical information and FCD location.

Added value of F-florbetaben amyloid PET in the diagnostic workup of most complex patients with dementia in France: A naturalistic study.

Introduction: Although some studies have previously addressed the clinical impact of amyloid positron emission tomography (PET), none has specifically addressed its selective and hierarchical implementation in relation to cerebrospinal fluid analysis in a naturalistic setting.

Methods: This multicenter study was performed at French tertiary memory clinics in patients presenting with most complex clinical situations (i.e.

F-FDG PET hypometabolism patterns reflect clinical heterogeneity in sporadic forms of early-onset Alzheimer's disease.

Until now, hypometabolic patterns and their correlations with neuropsychological performance have not been assessed as a function of the various presentations of sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD). Here, we processed and analyzed the patients' metabolic maps at the vertex and voxel levels by using a nonparametric, permutation method that also regressed out the effects of cortical thickness and gray matter volume, respectively. The hypometabolism patterns in several areas of the brain were significantly correlated with the clinical manifestations.

F-FDG-PET patterns of surgical success and failure in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective: To search for [F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET patterns predictive of long-term prognosis in surgery for drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) due to hippocampal sclerosis (HS).

Methods: We analyzed metabolic data with [F]-FDG-PET in 97 patients with MTLE (53 female participants; age range 15-56 years) with unilateral HS (50 left) and compared the metabolic patterns, electroclinical features, and structural atrophy on MRI in patients with the best outcome after anteromesial temporal resection (Engel class IA, completely seizure-free) to those with a non-IA outcome, including suboptimal outcome and failure. Imaging processing was performed with statistical parametric mapping (SPM5).

Cost-effectiveness analysis of epilepsy surgery in a controlled cohort of adult patients with intractable partial epilepsy: A 5-year follow-up study.

Objective: Despite its well-known effectiveness, the cost-effectiveness of epilepsy surgery has never been demonstrated in France. We compared cost-effectiveness between resective surgery and medical therapy in a controlled cohort of adult patients with partial intractable epilepsy.

Methods: A prospective cohort of adult patients with surgically remediable and medically intractable partial epilepsy was followed over 5 years in the 15 French centers.

Exploratory Phase II Trial to Evaluate the Safety and the Antiepileptic Effect of Pitolisant (BF2.649) in Refractory Partial Seizures, Given as Adjunctive Treatment During 3 Months.

Background: Pitolisant (BF2.649) is a nonimidazole histamine 3 receptor antagonist. In previous animal studies, it has been shown that pitolisant might be helpful in chronic seizure treatment of both partial and generalized epilepsies.

Determinants of brain metabolism changes in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective: To determine the main factors influencing metabolic changes in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) due to hippocampal sclerosis (HS).

Methods: We prospectively studied 114 patients with MTLE (62 female; 60 left HS; 15- to 56-year-olds) with (18) F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography and correlated the results with the side of HS, structural atrophy, electroclinical features, gender, age at onset, epilepsy duration, and seizure frequency. Imaging processing was performed using statistical parametric mapping.

Hypometabolism in Posterior and Temporal Areas of the Brain is Associated with Cognitive Decline in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Brain metabolic profiles of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and cognitive impairment or dementia are now available. It would be useful if data on brain metabolism were also predictive of the risk of a pejorative cognitive evolution - especially in the multidisciplinary management of advanced PD patients.

Objective: The primary objective was to determine whether a specific brain metabolic pattern is associated with cognitive decline in PD.