The Limitations of Being a Copycat: Learning Golf Putting Through Auditory and Visual Guidance.

The goal of this study was to investigate whether sensory cues carrying the kinematic template of expert performance (produced by mapping movement to a sound or visual cue) displayed prior to and during movement execution can in a group of novices. We conducted a motor learning study on a sample of 30 participants who were divided into three groups: a control, an auditory guide and visual guide group. The learning phase comprised of two sessions per week over a period of 4 weeks, giving rise to eight sessions.

Coordination of upper and lower body during balance recovery following a support translation.

Strategies for recovery of posture were studied after lateral mechanical perturbations. 11 participants standing in tandem stance were unexpectedly submitted to lateral support translations with the eyes open or closed at two translation amplitudes. The trajectories of the center of mass of the upper and lower body and muscle activities allowed identification of three strategies, involving either the ankle or the hip only, or both.