Infectious and non-infectious diseases burden among Haitian immigrants in Chile: a cross-sectional study.

Chile has become a popular destination for migrants from South America and the Caribbean (low- and middle-income countries migration). Close to 200.000 Haitian migrants have arrived in Chile.

Dual treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir plus lamivudine versus triple treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir plus lamivudine or emtricitabine and a second nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor for maintenance of HIV-1 viral suppression (OLE): a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial.

Background: Our objective was to assess therapeutic non-inferiority of dual treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir and lamivudine to triple treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir plus two nucleos(t)ides for maintenance of HIV-1 viral suppression.

Methods: In this randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial, we recruited patients from 32 HIV units in hospitals in Spain and France. Eligible patients were HIV-infected adults (aged ≥18 years) with HIV-1 RNA of less than 50 copies per mL, for at least 6 months on triple treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir (twice daily) plus lamivudine or emtricitabine and a second nucleos(t)ide, with no resistance or virological failure to these drugs, and no positive hepatitis B serum surface antigen.

Switching from tenofovir containing regimens to boosted protease inhibitor monotherapy: Impact on renal function.

Objective: To evaluate the effect on creatinine clearance (CG-CrCl, Cockcroft-Gault equation) of switching to boosted protease inhibitor (PI) monotherapy in patients receiving a triple drug antiretroviral regimen containing TDF.

Methods: All patients who had received a TDF-containing regimen for at least one year and had been switched to PI monotherapy were included. A rapid decrease in CG-CrCl during exposure to TDF was defined as a decrease in CG-CrCl at least five times higher than the expected due to age (0.

Comparison of the prognostic value of liver biopsy and FIB-4 index in patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus.

Background: We compared the prognostic value of liver biopsy (LB) and FIB-4 index in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection.

Methods: We studied patients from the Grupo de Estudio del SIDA 3603 study cohort, in whom fibrosis was evaluated at baseline using both LB (Metavir score) and FIB-4 index. We assessed overall death (OD) and liver-related events (LREs), defined as decompensation or hepatocellular carcinoma, whichever occurred first.

Efficacy of a dual therapy based on darunavir/ritonavir and etravirine in ART-experienced patients.

Introduction: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)-sparing regimens have been studied in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve patients but data with ART-experienced are scarce. NRTI-sparing regimens may be an option in patients with toxicities and for simplification reasons.

Methods: Retrospective multicentre analysis including ART-experienced patients starting treatment with darunavir/ritonavir and etravirine (DRV/r 800 mg/100 mg QD or 600 mg/100 mg BID and ETV 400 mg QD or 200 mg BID) with at least six months of follow-up.

Effects of sustained viral response in patients with HIV and chronic hepatitis C and nonadvanced liver fibrosis.

Objective: We assessed the effects of sustained viral response (SVR), after treating with interferon-ribavirin (IF-RB), on mortality, liver-related (LR) events (decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma), HIV progression, and liver stiffness in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients with nonadvanced liver fibrosis.

Methods: From a cohort of HIV/HCV-coinfected patients treated with IF-RB, we selected those with baseline liver fibrosis stages F0, F1, or F2 according to METAVIR. The study started when IF-RB was stopped and ended at death or at the last follow-up visit.

A prospective cohort study of neurocognitive function in aviremic HIV-infected patients treated with 1 or 3 antiretrovirals.

Background: The evolution of neurocognitive performance in aviremic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients treated with <3 antiretrovirals is unknown.

Methods: We prospectively included aviremic (≥1 year) HIV-positive patients, without concomitant major neurocognitive confounders, currently receiving boosted lopinavir or darunavir as monotherapy (n = 67) or triple antiretroviral therapy (ART) (n = 67) for ≥1 year. We evaluated neurocognitive function (7 domains) at baseline and after 1 year.

Inflammatory, procoagulant markers and HIV residual viremia in patients receiving protease inhibitor monotherapy or triple drug therapy: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Protease inhibitor monotherapy is associated with more frequent episodes of viral rebounds above 50 copies/mL than triple therapy.

Objective: To evaluate if, compared to triple-drug therapy, protease inhibitor monotherapy is associated with increased levels of inflammatory/procoagulant markers and more frequent plasma residual viremia detection.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included patients treated for ≥ 1 year with darunavir/ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir as monotherapy (n=72) or with two nucleos(t)ides (n=74).

Neurocognitive impairment in patients treated with protease inhibitor monotherapy or triple drug antiretroviral therapy.

Background: In patients who remain virologically suppressed in plasma with triple-drug ART a switch to protease inhibitor monotherapy maintains high rates of suppression; however it is unknown if protease inhibitor monotherapy is associated to a higher rate of neurocognitive impairment.

Methods: In this observational, cross-sectional study we included patients with plasma virological suppression (≥ 1 year) without concomitant major neurocognitive confounders, currently receiving for ≥ 1 year boosted lopinavir or darunavir as monotherapy or as triple ART. Neurocognitive impairment was defined as per the 2007 consensus of the American Association of Neurology.

Is etravirine and two nucleosides an option for HIV with an isolated K103N mutation?

We report long-term virologic response to etravirine and tenofovir/emtricitabine in four HIV-1-infected patients who had prior standard genotypic resistance testing showing an isolated K103N mutation (three acquired, one transmitted). In three patients tested, the K103N mutation was detected in cellular HIV-1 DNA whereas remaining suppressed on etravirine plus tenofovir/emtricitabine.

Hypertension and isolated office hypertension in HIV-infected patients determined by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: prevalence and risk factors.

Objective: To determine prevalence and risk factors for hypertension and isolated office hypertension diagnosed by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in HIV-infected patients.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of 310 patients. A 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring procedure was performed on the nondominant arm in those patients showing office systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg.

Anal carcinoma in an HIV-infected woman.

A 42-year-old HIV-infected woman with an antecedent of HPV-related genital disease is diagnosed with invasive anal carcinoma due to HPV 16. Anal cancer is becoming an increasing problem in HIV-infected woman. In fact, the prevalence of HPV infection-related disease in this population is higher in the anus than in the cervix.

[Hypertension, HIV infection, and highly active antiretroviral therapy].

The decline in mortality resulting from the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been accompanied by an increase in metabolic complications that produce accelerated atherosclerosis. Hypertension is one of the most important cardiovascular risk factors. Little is known about the impact of HAART on blood pressure, and it is uncertain whether chronic HIV infection or HAART have a role in the development of hypertension.