Translational Perspectives on the Therapeutic Potential of Hyptis Crenata Essential Oil Terpenes in Smooth Muscle Function.

Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are classes of organic compounds found in various natural products, such as the essential oil of (). The therapeutic potential of these terpenes present in is evidenced by their effect on smooth muscle and potential clinical applications. Among the highlighted monoterpenes, such as sabinene, -pinene, and -pinene, a relaxing effect on rat intestinal smooth muscles is observed, attributed to interaction with calcium channels.

Anethole Prevents the Alterations Produced by Diabetes Mellitus in the Sciatic Nerve of Rats.

Anethole is a terpenoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuronal blockade effects, and the present work was undertaken to study the neuroprotective activity of anethole against diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced neuropathy. Streptozotocin-induced DM rats were used to investigate the effects of anethole treatment on morphological, electrophysiological, and biochemical alterations of the sciatic nerve (SN). Anethole partially prevented the mechanical hyposensitivity caused by DM and fully prevented the DM-induced decrease in the cross-sectional area of the SN.

Citral relaxes umbilical vessels of normotensive and preeclamptic parturients.

Introduction: Citral is a low-toxicity monoterpene that has a vasodilator effect on various smooth muscles, and The present study aimed to evaluate its vasorelaxant effect on umbilical vessels of normotensive parturients (NTP) and with preeclampsia parturients (PEP).

Method: Segments of human umbilical artery (HUA) and vein (HUV) of NTP or PEP were mounted in a bath to record the force of contraction, under tension of 3.0 gf and contracted with the contracting agents: K (60 mM), 5 -HT (10 μM) and Ba (1-30 mM).

Diabetes-induced electrophysiological alterations on neurosomes in ganglia of peripheral nervous system.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to medical complications, the epidemiologically most important of which is diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Electrophysiology is a major component of neural functioning and several studies have been undertaken to elucidate the neural electrophysiological alterations caused by DM and their mechanisms of action. Due to the importance of electrophysiology for neuronal function, the review of the studies dealing predominantly with electrophysiological parameters and mechanisms in the neuronal somata of peripheral neural ganglia of diabetic animals during the last 45 years is here undertaken.

Diabetes mellitus differently affects electrical membrane properties of vagal afferent neurons of rats.

To study whether diabetes mellitus (DM) would cause electrophysiological alterations in nodose ganglion (NG) neurons, we used patch clamp and intracellular recording for voltage and current clamp configuration, respectively, on cell bodies of NG from rats with DM. Intracellular microelectrodes recording, according to the waveform of the first derivative of the action potential, revealed three neuronal groups (A , A , and C ), which were differently affected. Diabetes only depolarized the resting potential of A (from -55 to -44 mV) and C (from -49 to -45 mV) somas.

The Essential Oil of Inhibits the Increase in Secretion of Inflammatory Mediators.

Background: Hyptis crenata is a plant of great ethnopharmacological importance widely distributed in South American countries. In Northeast Brazil, teas or infusions of its aerial parts are used in folk medicine to treat several acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. In a previous work we have demonstrated that the essential oil of H.

Essential Oil of Prevents Conduction Alterations Produced by Diabetes Mellitus on Vagus Nerve.

Autonomic diabetic neuropathy (ADN) is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), to which there is no specific treatment. In this study, the efficacy of the essential oil of (EOCz) in preventing ADN was evaluated in the rat vagus nerve. For the two fastest conducting myelinated types of axons of the vagus nerve, the conduction velocities and rheobase decreased, whilst the duration of the components of the compound action potential of these fibers increased.

Diabetes mellitus alters electrophysiological properties in neurons of superior cervical ganglion of rats.

Diabetic neuropathy is the most prevalent complication associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). The superior cervical ganglion (SCG) is an important sympathetic component of the autonomic nervous system. We investigated the changes in cellular electrophysiological properties and on NaK-ATPase activity of SCG neurons of rats with DM induced by streptozotocin (STZ).

Melatonin Reduces Excitability in Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons with Inflection on the Repolarization Phase of the Action Potential.

Melatonin is a neurohormone produced and secreted at night by pineal gland. Many effects of melatonin have already been described, for example: Activation of potassium channels in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and inhibition of excitability of a sub-population of neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). The DRG is described as a structure with several neuronal populations.

1,8-Cineole blocks voltage-gated L-type calcium channels in tracheal smooth muscle.

1,8-Cineole is a cyclic monoterpenoid used in folk medicine for treatment of numerous respiratory diseases and other infections. 1,8-Cineole has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and myorelaxant effects, as well as low toxicity. In the present study, the effects of 1,8-cineole on contractility and voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) in tracheal smooth muscle were investigated.

Hydroxyl Group and Vasorelaxant Effects of Perillyl Alcohol, Carveol, Limonene on Aorta Smooth Muscle of Rats.

The present study used isometric tension recording to investigate the vasorelaxant effect of limonene (LM), carveol (CV), and perillyl alcohol (POH) on contractility parameters of the rat aorta, focusing in particular on the structure-activity relationship. LM, CV, and POH showed a reversible inhibitory effect on the contraction induced by electromechanical and pharmacomechanical coupling. In the case of LM, but not CV and POH, this effect was influenced by preservation of the endothelium.

Melatonin decreases neuronal excitability in a sub-population of dorsal root ganglion neurons.

Melatonin, a powerful antioxidant, participates in the regulation of important physiological and pathological processes. We investigated the actions of melatonin on neuronal excitability of intact dorsal root ganglions (DRG) from rats using intracellular recording techniques in current clamps. Melatonin blocked the generation of action potentials in a concentration-dependent manner.

Essential Oil of Ocimum basilicum L. and (-)-Linalool Blocks the Excitability of Rat Sciatic Nerve.

The racemate linalool and its levogyrus enantiomer [(-)-LIN] are present in many essential oils and possess several pharmacological activities, such as antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory. In this work, the effects of essential oil obtained from the cultivation of the Ocimum basilicum L. (EOOb) derived from Germplasm Bank rich in (-)-LIN content in the excitability of peripheral nervous system were studied.

Geraniol Induces Antinociceptive Effect in Mice Evaluated in Behavioural and Electrophysiological Models.

Geraniol (GER) is a monoterpene alcohol with various biochemical and pharmacological properties present in the essential oil of more than 160 species of herbs (especially the Cymbopogon genus). In this study, we evaluated the antinociceptive activity of GER in behavioural and electrophysiological in vitro experimental models of nociception using male Swiss mice. GER (12.

Effects of 1,8-cineole on Na(+) currents of dissociated superior cervical ganglia neurons.

1,8-Cineole is a terpenoid present in many essential oil of plants with several pharmacological and biological effects, including antinociceptive, smooth muscle relaxant and ion channel activation. Also, 1,8-cineole blocked action potentials, reducing excitability of peripheral neurons. The objective of this work was to investigate effects of 1,8-cineole on Na(+) currents (INa(+)) in dissociated superior cervical ganglion neurons (SCG).

Essential oil of Croton zehntneri and its main constituent anethole block excitability of rat peripheral nerve.

Croton zehntneri is an aromatic plant native to Northeast Brazil and employed by local people to treat various diseases. The leaves of this plant have a rich content of essential oil. The essential oil of C.

n5-STZ Diabetic Model Develops Alterations in Sciatic Nerve and Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons of Wistar Rats.

One experimental model of diabetes mellitus (DM) similar to type II DM, called n5-STZ, is obtained by a single injection (via i.p.) of streptozotocin (STZ) in the 5th day of life of newborn rats.

Linalool blocks excitability in peripheral nerves and voltage-dependent Na+ current in dissociated dorsal root ganglia neurons.

Linalool is a terpene that occurs as a major constituent of essential oils of many plants of widespread distribution. It possesses several biological and pharmacological activities, including depressant effects on the central nervous system and olfactory receptors. The present study investigated whether linalool affects the excitability of peripheral components of the somatic sensory system.

Effects of 1,8-cineole on electrophysiological parameters of neurons of the rat superior cervical ganglion.

1. 1,8-Cineole is a non-toxic small terpenoid oxide believed to have medicinal properties in folk medicine. It has been shown to have various pharmacological effects, including blockade of the compound action potential (AP).