Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: Impact of Neurologic Status, Bleeding, and Type of Treatment on Final Outcome.

Background:  Well-designed studies assessing the treatment outcome of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are infrequent and have not consistently included all of the available treatment modalities, making their results not completely generalizable. Moreover, the predictors of poor outcome are not well defined.

Methods:  We performed an observational retrospective study of AVM patients.

A single-center, long-term study of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas with multidisciplinary treatment.

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVF) are the most frequently occurring vascular malformations of the spinal cord but their optimal treatment remains contentious. We retrospectively analyzed 19 consecutive patients treated between 1996 and 2007. Endovascular embolization was considered the first treatment option for nine patients.

Massive epistaxis resulting from an intracavernous internal carotid artery traumatic pseudoaneurysm: complete resolution with overlapping uncovered stents.

Blunt traumatic injuries of the intracranial carotid arteries can result in pseudoaneurysm formation. A pseudoaneurysm of the intracavernous carotid artery may rupture into the cavernous sinus, causing life-threatening epistaxis. We report a case of intracavernous traumatic psedoaneurysm presenting with delayed massive epistaxis.