Implantation of Depth Electrodes in Children Using VarioGuide® Frameless Navigation System: Technical Note.

Background: Electrode placement in epilepsy surgery seeks to locate the sites of ictal onset and early propagation. An invasive diagnostic procedure, stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is usually implemented with frame-based methods that can be especially problematic in young children.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of a new technique for frameless SEEG in children using the VarioGuide® system (Brainlab AG, München, Germany).

Pediatric cerebellar giant cavernous malformation: case report and review of literature.

Background And Importance: Giant cavernous malformations (GCM) are low flow, angiographically occult vascular lesions, with a diameter >4 cm. Cerebellar GCMs are extremely rare, with only seven cases reported based on English literature. These lesions are most commonly seen in the pediatric age group, which is known to have an increased risk of hemorrhage, being surgery clearly recommended.

Neuroendoscopic Intraventricular Biopsy in Children with Small Ventricles Using Frameless VarioGuide System.

Endoscopic biopsy for intraventricular tumors in pediatric patients with small ventricles is a challenging procedure because of the risk of morbidity during the intraventricular approach. We describe the use of the VarioGuide system for intraventricular endoscopic biopsy in 9 consecutive pediatric patients with intraventricular lesions and small ventricular size. All patients had lesions in the anterior part of the third ventricle with a median frontal and occipital horn ratio of 0.

[Choroid plexus tumour treatment at Hospital Infantil Niño Jesús in Madrid: Our experience over the last three decades].

Objective: To review childhood patients with choroid plexus tumors (CPT) who underwent surgery at Hospital Infantil Niño Jesús of Madrid since January 1981 to September 2014.

Material And Methods: Registered charts were analyzed based on the epidemiology, tumor grade, clinical profile, location, dissemination characteristics, therapy, prognosis and complications.

Results: Seventeen childhood patients were recorded with CPT.

[Spinal stenosis at the level of atlas in a boy with Down syndrome. A case report and literature review].

Introduction: The appearance of congenital anomalies at the level of atlas is frequent in patients with neural alterations, as well as in the Down syndrome. The presence of clinical stenosis for alteration in the posterior arch of C1 without a previous atlantoaxial subluxation hasn't been described in the literature thus far.

Case Report: We report an exceptional case of myelopathy due to compression at the level of the atlas in a 5-year-old boy with Down syndrome provoked by a developmental anomaly of the posterior arch of C1.

Prognosis of cerebellar astrocytomas in children.

Objective: Our main objective is to review a large series of cerebellar astrocytomas in children and evaluate the outcome of the patients depending on astrocytoma class. The effect of astrocytoma characteristics on the children's prognosis was determined by grouping a series of cerebellar astrocytomas by their location, radiological aspect, size, and histology and determining whether this was related with outcome.

Materials And Methods: Two hundred and three children with cerebellar astrocytomas were retrospectively reviewed, and their tumors were classified by location, macroscopic radiological appearance, size, and histology.