Encapsulation of Cinnamaldehyde and Vanillin as a Strategy to Increase Their Antimicrobial Activity.

Many studies have suggested that the encapsulation of natural antimicrobials increases their antimicrobial activity. In this sense, the objective was to study the inactivation of microorganisms with encapsulated cinnamaldehyde and vanillin (E-CIN and E-VN), in comparison with the unencapsulated antimicrobials (CIN and VN) in protein beverages. Additionally, the microbial response was quantified through mathematical modeling.

Approaches to supratentorial brain tumours in children.

The differential diagnosis of supratentorial brain tumours in children can be challenging, especially considering the recent changes to the WHO classification of CNS tumours published in 2021. Many new tumour types have been proposed which frequently present in children and young adults and their imaging features are currently being described by the neuroradiology community. The purpose of this article is to provide guidance to residents and fellows new to the field of paediatric neuroradiology on how to evaluate an MRI of a patient with a newly diagnosed supratentorial tumour.

Normal vision and development in mice with low functional expression of Kir7.1 in heterozygosis for a blindness-producing mutation inactivating the channel.

K channel Kir7.1 expressed at the apical membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) plays an essential role in retinal function. An isoleucine-to-threonine mutation at position 120 of the protein is responsible for blindness-causing vitreo-retinal dystrophy.

Neuroimaging Findings in Fetal Hemimegalencephaly: Case Study and Review.

Background: Limited information exists in the prenatal literature regarding the neuroimaging features of fetal hemimegalencephaly.

Summary: This report describes ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a second-trimester fetus with an isolated, severe form of hemimegalencephaly. The most prominent imaging findings included unilateral enlarged cerebral hemisphere and ipsilateral ventriculomegaly causing cerebral asymmetry, midline shift, and macrocephaly.

Role of Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiating Isolated Septal Agenesis from Septo-Optic Dysplasia: Case Study and Review.

Introduction: The detection of absent septi pellucidi (ASP) during obstetric ultrasound is a rare event. However, the clinical implications of this finding are significant. ASP can be associated with severe central nervous system anomalies such as holoprosencephaly, agenesis/dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, schizencephaly, severe ventriculomegaly, and open neural tube defects.

Ultrasound and fetal magnetic resonance imaging: Clinical performance in the prenatal diagnosis of orofacial clefts and mandibular abnormalities.

Cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, is the most common congenital craniofacial anomaly and the second most common birth defect worldwide. Micrognathia is a rare facial malformation characterized by small, underdeveloped mandible and frequently associated with retrognathia. Second- and third-trimester prenatal ultrasound is the standard modality for screening and identification of fetal orofacial abnormalities, with a detection rate in the low-risk population ranging from 0% to 73% for all types of cleft.

Selective TASK-1 Inhibitor with a Defined Structure-Activity Relationship Reduces Cancer Cell Proliferation and Viability.

Chemical structures of selective blockers of TASK channels contain aromatic groups and amide bonds. Using this rationale, we designed and synthesized a series of compounds based on 3-benzamidobenzoic acid. These compounds block TASK-1 channels by binding to the central cavity.

Prenatal intracranial hypotension syndrome in congenital cephalocele: Insights into pathophysiologic mechanisms and importance of defect coverage.

Objective: To compare specific fetal cranial and cerebral findings indicative of prenatal intracranial hypotension (PICH) syndrome between open and closed cephaloceles.

Methods: Two groups of fetuses with cephalocele who underwent magnetic resonance imaging scan were selected based on the defect coverage: covered ("closed cephalocele" group, n = 4) and uncovered by skin ("open cephalocele" group, n = 8). The presence of signs associated with PICH syndrome was evaluated and findings compared between groups.

Heat sensitization of Escherichia coli by the natural antimicrobials vanillin and emulsified citral in blended carrot-orange juice.

Efforts have been focusing on the way to overcome the impact of heating on food quality while achieving the desired shelf life. In this sense, the thermosensitization of E. coli using the natural antimicrobials vanillin (V; 0.

Thermal Study and Emission Characteristics of Rice Husk Using TG-MS.

Rice husks are a by-product that is generated in large quantities in Spain. However, they are not used efficiently. One of their possible applications is its thermal use in power generation equipment.

Congenital hepatic cyst: Prenatal and postnatal imaging findings.

Introduction: Congenital hepatic cyst is a rare hepatobiliary malformation that can present as an asymptomatic, unilocular, upper abdominal cystic mass in the fetus.

Cases: We report two cases of congenital hepatic cyst in which the diagnosis was made by prenatal ultrasound at 25 and 33 weeks' gestation. The diagnosis was confirmed postnatally by abdominal ultrasound and radiologic imaging studies.

Prenatal intracranial hypotension syndrome: new insights into the mechanisms of fenestration of septi pellucidi and ventriculomegaly in fetuses with open spinal dysraphism.

Objective: To study the prevalence of abnormalities of the septi pellucidi (SP) in a cohort of fetuses with open spinal dysraphism (OSD) and to determine whether this condition is secondary to obstructive ventriculomegaly and, therefore, part of the natural history of prenatal intracranial hypotension (PICH) syndrome.

Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies from fetuses with OSD were analyzed. The SP were assessed using axial and coronal T2-weighted images of the fetal brain and classified as intact, partially absent, or completely absent.

Cluster roots of Embothrium coccineum modify their metabolism and show differential gene expression in response to phosphorus supply.

Embothrium coccineum produces cluster roots (CR) to acquire sparingly soluble phosphorus (P) from the soil through the exudation of organic compounds. However, the physiological mechanisms involved in carbon drainage through its roots, as well as the gene expression involved in the biosynthesis of carboxylates and P uptake, have not been explored. In this work, we evaluated the relationship between carboxylate exudation rate and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity in roots of E.

Interpeduncular angle: A new parameter for assessing intracranial hypotension in fetuses with spinal dysraphism.

Objective: To investigate the role of the interpeduncular angle (IPA) as a new indicator of intracranial hypotension in fetuses with open spinal dysraphism (SD).

Methods: Two groups of fetuses undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination were identified. The study group included fetuses with open SD (n = 21), while the control group included fetuses with a normal brain and spine (n = 43).

Altered phosphatidylinositol regulation of mutant inwardly rectifying K Kir7.1 channels associated with inherited retinal degeneration disease.

Key Points: Kir7.1 K channel expressed in retinal pigment epithelium is mutated in inherited retinal degeneration diseases. We study Kir7.

Cavernous Sinus Hemangioma: Imaging Diagnosis and Surgical Considerations.

Background: Cavernous sinus hemangiomas (CSHs) are extraaxial vascular malformations that tend to bleed during surgery.

Methods: We reviewed 12 magnetic resonance imaging scans with CSH, 5 of them biopsy proven.

Results: In our review, CSH commonly presented as a lobulated mass with high, uniform signal intensity on T2-weighted images, a dumbbell shape, and a sellar extension.

White cord syndrome in a pediatric patient: A case report and review.

White cord syndrome is a rare condition involving sudden neurological deterioration following a decompressive cervical spinal surgery and characterized by the appearance of hyperintensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. We present a report of a pediatric male patient who presented with the condition. This case shows that white cord syndrome can also be present in pediatric patients.

Aom S: A new web-based application for DNA/RNA tandem mass spectrometry data interpretation.

Rationale: The Analysis of Oligonucleotide Modifications from Mass Spectra (Aom S) was created to support the analysis of oligonucleotide mass spectra. This application complements the existing software tools by providing a comprehensive analysis of oligonucleotide fragments from high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HR-MS/MS) data in a flexible and user-friendly manner, directly accessible through a web browser without any need for installation.

Methods: MS measurements of aminoC6-DNA and inosine-RNA were performed using an LTQ Orbitrap FT-MS instrument.

Fetal neuroimaging findings in PHACE syndrome: case report and review of the literature.

Objective: To describe the main prenatal sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features leading to the diagnosis of osterior fossa malformations, emangiomas of the face, rterial anomalies, oarctation of the aorta and cardiac defects, and ye abnormalities (PHACE) syndrome. The literature was also reviewed in order to determine the main neuroimaging features of fetuses with this condition.

Results: The index case was referred at 24 weeks' gestation with the probable diagnosis of Dandy-Walker malformation.

Short Chain Fatty Acids Effect on Chloride Channel ClC-2 as a Possible Mechanism for Lubiprostone Intestinal Action.

Lubiprostone, a 20-carbon synthetic fatty acid used for the treatment of constipation, is thought to act through an action on Cl channel ClC-2. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced and absorbed in the distal intestine. We explore whether SCFAs affect ClC-2, re-examine a possible direct effect of lubiprostone on ClC-2, and use mice deficient in ClC-2 to stringently address the hypothesis that the epithelial effect of lubiprostone targets this anion channel.

Modelling the effects of ephaptic coupling on selectivity and response patterns during artificial stimulation of peripheral nerves.

Artificial electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves for sensory feedback restoration can greatly benefit from computational models for simulation-based neural implant design in order to reduce the trial-and-error approach usually taken, thus potentially significantly reducing research and development costs and time. To this end, we built a computational model of a peripheral nerve trunk in which the interstitial space between the fibers and the tissues was modelled using a resistor network, thus enabling distance-dependent ephaptic coupling between myelinated axons and between fascicles as well. We used the model to simulate a) the stimulation of a nerve trunk model with a cuff electrode, and b) the propagation of action potentials along the axons.

Comparison between covert sound-production task (sound-imagery) vs. motor-imagery for onset detection in real-life online self-paced BCIs.

Background: Even though the BCI field has quickly grown in the last few years, it is still mainly investigated as a research area. Increased practicality and usability are required to move BCIs to the real-world. Self-paced (SP) systems would reduce the problem but there is still the big challenge of what is known as the 'onset detection problem'.

Elucidating the Structural Basis of the Intracellular pH Sensing Mechanism of TASK-2 KP Channels.

Two-pore domain potassium (KP) channels maintain the cell's background conductance by stabilizing the resting membrane potential. They assemble as dimers possessing four transmembrane helices in each subunit. KP channels were crystallized in "up" and "down" states.