Autism Spectrum Disorder and Associated Factors in Children in Spain, 2017: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with biological, multicausal and polygenic origins. The true prevalence of ASD has not been clearly established. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of ASD in children aged 3 to 14 years in Spain and to analyze the factors associated with it.

Lifestyle Habits and Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality in Menopausal Women with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Current cardiovascular prevention guidelines emphasise considering sex, gender, and gender identity in risk assessment. This study evaluated the impact of lifestyle habits and chronic diseases on cardiovascular mortality risk in women over 50 with high vascular risk and developed a predictive model for menopausal women with cardiovascular risk factors. A retrospective cohort study used data from the 2011 Spanish National Health Survey and the national death register, focusing on menopausal and postmenopausal women without prior cardiovascular events but with at least one major risk factor.

Unusually severe neonatal presentation of mediastinal bronchogenic cyst.

Bronchogenic cysts are rare congenital malformations that occur in adults and children, with differences in distribution and presentation. We present the case of a newborn who initiated respiratory distress from the first minutes of life, presenting with hypoventilation and rightward displacement of the cardiac impulse, requiring oxygen therapy and intubation. The first radiograph shows a left pulmonary emphysema.

Prevalence of childhood obesity in Spain and its relation with socioeconomic status and health behaviors: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study aims to assess the current state of childhood overweight and obesity in Spain, and its relationship with socioeconomic status and health-related behaviors.

Methods: Population-based cross-sectional observational study, based on the 2017 National Health Survey in minors in Spain. This study included all children surveyed who were aged 1-14 years.

Risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women: UK Biobank prospective cohort study.

Background And Aims: Cardiovascular risk increases during menopause, so the medical and scientific community should consider women's specific risk factors to prevent cardiovascular disease. This study aims to assess the risk factors for the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) exclusive to postmenopausal women.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in postmenopausal women aged 40 years and older, who were included in the UK Biobank cohort between 2006 and 2010 and followed to 2021 (12 years).

Emotional impact on children during home confinement in Spain.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about important changes. On March 14, 2020, a strict home confinement was decreed in Spain. Children did not attend school and were not allowed to leave their homes.

Thiel embalming in neonates: methodology and benefits in medical training.

Current teaching and training methods for surgical techniques in the pediatric population involve artificial models (manikins), animals or adult human cadavers embalmed using various techniques. We found no references in the literature concerning the use of the Thiel method in the pediatric population. The aim of this study, therefore, was to assess the viability of using pediatric human cadavers embalmed through Thiel's technique and to compare them with standard pediatric manikins.

Degree of Accuracy of the BMI Z-Score to Determine Excess Fat Mass Using DXA in Children and Adolescents.

Obesity is caused by fat accumulation. BMI Z-score is used to classify the different degrees of weight status in children and adolescents. However, this parameter does not always express the true percentage of body fat.

Lifestyle and cardiovascular mortality in menopausal women: a population-based cohort study.

Introduction And Objectives: There are models for cardiovascular risk prediction in the general population, but the prediction of risk in postmenopausal women has not been specifically studied. This study aimed to determine the association of lifestyle habits and chronic diseases with cardiovascular risk in menopausal women, as well as to build a risk scale.

Methods: Retrospective population-based cohort study using data from the 2011 National Health Survey of Spain as a data source, Women ≥ 50 years were included.

The Application of a System of Eye Tracking in Laparoscopic Surgery: A New Didactic Tool to Visual Instructions.

Laparoscopic surgery is an increasingly used technique, but it requires a high degree of learning, and communication between the operating room crew is considerably difficult. The use of eye tracking has been proposed as a didactic and evaluation tool in several settings, including in laparoscopy in simulators. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the use of eye tracking systems (Tobii glasses 2) in laparoscopic surgery as a didactic and assessment tool to improve communication in the operating room and improve patients' security.

Influence of weight status on bone mineral content measured by DXA in children.

Introduction: Childhood obesity is a public health problem with repercussions in later life. As tissue formation peaks in childhood we determined how weight status influences bone mineral content.

Material And Methods: We studied 553 children aged 4-18 years over 10 years (46.

Insulin Resistance as a Diagnostic Criterion for Metabolically Healthy Obesity in Children.

Objectives: In recent years, a subgroup of individuals with obesity has been described as having a lower risk of metabolic and cardiovascular complications. These individuals have what is referred to as metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), which has a favorable metabolic profile and a lower probability of long-term complications. The definition of this subtype in children is not clear.

Use of Eye-Tracking Technology by Medical Students Taking the Objective Structured Clinical Examination: Descriptive Study.

Background: The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is a test used throughout Spain to evaluate the clinical competencies, decision making, problem solving, and other skills of sixth-year medical students.

Objective: The main goal of this study is to explore the possible applications and utility of portable eye-tracking systems in the setting of the OSCE, particularly questions associated with attention and engagement.

Methods: We used a portable Tobii Glasses 2 eye tracker, which allows real-time monitoring of where the students were looking and records the voice and ambient sounds.

Effects of Watching Cartoons During an Echocardiography on Infants and Preschool Children. A Prospective Randomized Study.

Echocardiography is currently the main diagnostic technique in pediatric cardiology, but sometimes it is difficult to use in very young children, as a complete and accurate study depends on the patient's and family's cooperation. Children's behavior is one of the main problems for this procedure, and interventions like sedative medication have been used to facilitate its performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of TV entertainment in infants and preschool children during echocardiography.

[Current situation of the organisation, resources and activity in paediatric cardiology in Spain].

Introduction: The results are presented on the «current situation of the organisation, resources and activity in paediatric cardiology in Spain». It was promoted by the Spanish Society of Paediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart disease.

Material And Methods: An analysis was carried out on the results obtained from a specifically designed questionnaire, prepared by the Spanish Society of Paediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart disease, that was sent to all hospitals around the country that offer the speciality of paediatric cardiology.

The reach of Spanish-language YouTube videos on physical examinations made by undergraduate medical students.

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance and reach of YouTube videos on physical examinations made by Spanish university students. We analyzed performance metrics for 4 videos on physical examinations in Spanish that were created by medical students at Miguel Hernández University (Elche, Spain) and are available on YouTube, on the following topics: the head and neck (7:30), the cardiovascular system (7:38), the respiratory system (13:54), and the abdomen (11:10). We used the Analytics application offered by the YouTube platform to analyze the reach of the videos from the upload date (February 17, 2015) to July 28, 2017 (2 years, 5 months, and 11 days).

Application of electroencephalographic techniques to the study of visual impact of renewable energies.

Much is currently being studied on the negative visual impact associated to the installation of large wind turbines or photovoltaic farms. However, methodologies for quantitatively assessing landscape impact are scarce. In this work we used electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings to investigate the brain activity of 14 human volunteers when looking at the same landscapes with and without wind turbines, solar panels and nuclear power plants.

A simple equation to estimate body fat percentage in children with overweightness or obesity: a retrospective study.

Background: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) provides separate measurements of fat mass, fat-free mass and bone mass, and is a quick, accurate, and safe technique, yet one that is not readily available in routine clinical practice. Consequently, we aimed to develop statistical formulas to predict fat mass (%) and fat mass index (FMI) with simple parameters (age, sex, weight and height).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational cross-sectional study in 416 overweight or obese patients aged 4-18 years that involved assessing adiposity by DXA (fat mass percentage and FMI), body mass index (BMI), sex and age.

Use of Eye Tracking as an Innovative Instructional Method in Surgical Human Anatomy.

Objective: Tobii glasses can record corneal infrared light reflection to track pupil position and to map gaze focusing in the video recording. Eye tracking has been proposed for use in training and coaching as a visually guided control interface. The aim of our study was to test the potential use of these glasses in various situations: explanations of anatomical structures on tablet-type electronic devices, explanations of anatomical models and dissected cadavers, and during the prosection thereof.

[Progressive moderate mitral regurgitation in a children with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome. The importance of cardiologic follow up].

Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is a congenital disease with an estimated prevalence of one in 200,000 individuals. This is an ophthalmic disorder related to anterior segment dysgenesis, which may be present from the neonatal period. It is associated with extraocular affectations such as cranial dimorphism, maxillofacial or dental anomalies.

Basic Study and Clinical Implications of Left Ventricular False Tendon. Is it Associated With Innocent Murmur in Children or Heart Disease?

Introduction And Objectives: Left ventricular false tendon is a structure of unknown function in cardiac physiology that was first described anatomically by Turner. This condition may be related to various electrical or functional abnormalities, but no consensus has ever been reached. The purpose of this study was to determine the time of appearance, prevalence and histologic composition of false tendon, as well as its association with innocent murmur in children and with heart disease.