Leucine Intake and Sarcopenia Indicators of an Elderly Group from the Metropolitan Region, Santiago de Chile, Who Participated in the Program for Complementary Food in Older People (PACAM).

Background And Objective: The global aging population has led to increased noncommunicable diseases, often linked to poor diet and declining muscle strength and mass. This study assessed leucine intake and sarcopenia indicators among 181 adults aged 60-80 in Santiago, Chile, participating in the Program for Complementary Food in Older People (PACAM), with 80% being women.

Methods: Sarcopenia was evaluated through muscle strength and mass using the EWGSOP2 criteria for its identification.

Sucralose and stevia consumption leads to intergenerational alterations in body weight and intestinal expression of histone deacetylase 3.

Objectives: It is unclear whether parental consumption of non-nutritive sweetener (NNS) can affect subsequent generations. The aim of this study was to determine whether chronic parental consumption of sucralose and stevia in mice affects body weight gain and liver and intestinal expression of histone deacetylase 3 (Hdac3) in these animals and in the subsequent first filial (F1) and second filial (F2) generations.

Methods: Male and female mice (n = 47) were divided into three groups to receive water alone or supplemented with sucralose (0.

Childhood Obesity and Plasma Micronutrient Deficit of Chilean Children between 4 and 14 Years Old.

Objective: To analyze the nutritional status and plasma levels of vitamins and minerals in a cohort of Chilean children between 4 and 14 years old from three cities in Chile (Santiago, Antofagasta, and Concepcion).

Design: This is a descriptive analysis of micronutrient levels in Chilean children as it relates to obesity and food consumption.

Setting: This study included 1235 children from schools in Santiago (central area), Antofagasta (northern area), and Concepcion (southern area) in Chile.

Analysis of insulin resistance using the non-linear homeostatic model assessment index in overweight canines.

Background And Aim: Diabetes mellitus is a carbohydrate metabolism disorder produced mainly by a deficit in insulin production or insulin resistance. The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is a broad method for estimating insulin resistance and β-cell function. This study aimed to evaluate the stages of insulin resistance using non-linear HOMA index analysis in normoglycemic normal weight and obese canines.

Nutritional Status and Serum Levels of Micronutrients in an Elderly Group Who Participate in the Program for Complementary Food in Older People (PACAM) from the Metropolitan Region, Santiago de Chile.

The increase in the Chilean elderly population has promoted public policies to favor an adequate nutrition in later life. This study evaluated the nutritional status, micronutrients intake and serum micronutrients levels of an elderly group beneficiary of the PACAM from the Metropolitan Region, Santiago de Chile. Anthropometric and dietary survey (24 h food recalls) were assessed in 182 elderly individuals (60 and 80 years old).

Determination of autoantibodies in dogs with diabetes mellitus.

Background And Aim: The classification of diabetes mellitus (DM) in dogs has been controversial as currently canine insulin-dependent DM is classified together with absolute insulin deficiency, non-insulin-dependent DM, and relative insulin deficiency. Studies on human autoantibodies evaluated in canines with DM, such as anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), anti-islet antigen 2 (IA2), and anti-zinc transporter isoform 8 (ZnT8), have been inconclusive. Thus, this study was designed to establish the serological profile of anti-GAD65, anti-IA2, and anti-ZnT8 antibodies in a group of dogs with and without DM.

Vitamin D status and obesity in children from Chile.

Background: Vitamin D [25(OH)D] is essential for normal bone development and maintenance. Furthermore, its deficiency has been associated with obesity, cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance, autoimmune diseases, and certain cancers.

Objective: To determine the incidence of serum 25(OH)D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) among apparently healthy Chilean children (4-14 years old) from three Chilean geographic areas during May-September 2018.

The FTO rs17817449 Polymorphism is Not Associated With Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, or Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Findings From the GENADIO Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Genetic variants within the FTO gene have been associated with increased adiposity and metabolic markers; however, there is limited evidence regarding the association of FTO gene variants with physical activity-related variables. The authors aimed to investigate the association of the rs17817449 single-nucleotide polymorphism of FTO with physical activity, sedentary time, and cardiorespiratory fitness in Chilean adults.

Methods: A total of 409 participants from the GENADIO study were included and genotyped for the rs17817449 single-nucleotide polymorphism of FTO in this cross-sectional study.

Body fat composition and miR-378 expression profiling in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Purpose: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that involves genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Change in body composition is a potential mechanism for explaining the increased incidence of T1D. Micro RNA-378 (miRNA-378) is a positive regulator of adipogenesis that has yet to be studied in such patients.

DNA methylation in promoter regions of genes involved in the reproductive and metabolic function of children born to women with PCOS.

Clinical and experimental evidences indicate that epigenetic modifications induced by the prenatal environment are related to metabolic and reproductive derangements in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Alterations in the leptin and adiponectin systems, androgen signalling and antimüllerian hormone (AMH) levels have been observed in PCOS women and in their offspring. Using a targeted Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), we studied DNA methylation in promoter regions of the leptin (), leptin receptor (), adiponectin (), adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 ( and ), and androgen receptor () genes in 24 sons and daughters of women with PCOS (12 treated with metformin during pregnancy) and 24 children born to non-PCOS women during early infancy (2-3 months of age).

A miRNA-Based Blood and Mucosal Approach for Detecting and Monitoring Celiac Disease.

Background: The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in celiac disease (CD) is unclear.

Aims: We evaluated inflammation-related miRNA-146a, miRNA-155, miRNA-21, and miRNA-125b expression in peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa of CD adults.

Methods: Thirty patients with CD were included: patients with active CD on a gluten-containing diet (CD-active, n = 10), patients on a gluten-free diet (for at least 1 year), and patients with negative blood antibodies (CD-inactive, n = 10).

[Association between FTO (ns9939609) genotype and adiposity markers in Chilean adults].

Background: Numerous studies have identified the role of Fat-mass-associated-gene (FTO) in the development of obesity.

Aim: To investigate the association of FTO gene with adiposity markers in Chilean adults.

Material And Methods: 409 participants were included in this cross-sectional study.

[Overweight and obesity in celiac disease: expression of the interleukin profile Th17].

Introduction: the histological alteration in the small intestine of the celiac patients produces a poor absorption that deteriorates or hinder an optimal weight gain. This can be the result of an increase expression of the Th17 gluten-specific interleukins.

Objective: the aim of this study was to compare the expression of Th17 interleukins in celiac patients with normal and overweight/obese nutritional status.

Expression of miR-155, miR-146a, and miR-326 in T1D patients from Chile: relationship with autoimmunity and inflammatory markers.

Objective The aim of this research was to analyze the expression profile of miR-155, miR-146a, and miR-326 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 47 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and 39 control subjects, as well as the possible association with autoimmune or inflammatory markers. Subjects and methods Expression profile of miRs by means of qPCR using TaqMan probes. Autoantibodies and inflammatory markers by ELISA.

Association between zinc nutritional status and glycemic control in individuals with well-controlled type-2 diabetes.

Background/objective: Interest in healthy properties of food and nutrients as co-adjuvant in type-2 diabetes therapy has increased in recent years. Zinc supplementation trials have shown improvements in glycemic control in these patients, although it seems dependent on zinc status of the individuals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between zinc nutritional status and glucose homeostasis in patients with type-2 diabetes.

Zinc Supplementation Does Not Affect Glucagon Response to Intravenous Glucose and Insulin Infusion in Patients with Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes.

Glucagon dysregulation is an essential component in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Studies in vitro and in animal models have shown that zinc co-secreted with insulin suppresses glucagon secretion. Zinc supplementation improves blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes, although there is little information about how zinc supplementation may affect glucagon secretion.

Enlarged adipocytes in subcutaneous adipose tissue associated to hyperandrogenism and visceral adipose tissue volume in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an androgen excess disorder associated with obesity and adipose tissue disturbances. Our aim was to evaluate gene expression of adipocytokines and adipocyte characteristics in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of PCOS women.

Design: Twelve PCOS (PCOSw) and 12 control (Cw) premenopausal women (BMI 20-35 kg/m) were included, with measurements of whole-body composition assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume, by magnetic resonance imaging.

Avoiding Small Intestinal Biopsies for Diagnosis of Celiac Disease in Children: A Reliable Strategy for All Patients?

Background: Current reports applying ESPGHAN exception criteria (EEC) to diagnose celiac disease (CD) without duodenal biopsies indicate that a high percentage of patients with CD may be identified when applied correctly in specialized settings. Application of the EEC, however, in "daily life conditions" at the different levels of medical services is not clear.

Methods: EEC was applied to 130 pediatric patients evaluated for CD at 5 public hospitals in Santiago, Chile, during 2010 to 2015.

Corrigendum: + Is Associated with Milder Duodenal Histological Changes in Chilean Celiac Patients.

[This corrects the article on p. 376 in vol. 7, PMID: 28879170.