Diagnostic accuracy of isometric knee extension strength as a sarcopenia criteria in older women.

Background: Muscle strength is one of the most reliable measures used for the identification of sarcopenia. The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People update (EWGSOP2) proposed the use of grip strength and chair stand tests, while clarifying that isometric torque methods can be used when performing the grip strength test is impossible. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of isometric knee extension strength in screening for sarcopenia.

Effect of a Physical Exercise Intervention on Physical Function Parameters and Blood Analytical Changes in Lung Cancer Survivors: A Feasibility Study.

Lung cancer carries a high burden of systemic symptoms, including in survivors, leading to a reduced quality of life (QoL). We assessed whether a 12-week multicomponent supervised exercise programme, including muscular strength and aerobic training, was beneficial in patients who had undergone surgery for early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in terms of physical performance, QoL, and metabolic and nutritional analytical parameters. Physical performance was measured by gait speed, handgrip strength, 30 s sit-to-stand (30s-STS) test repetitions, distance covered in the 6 min walk test (6MWT), and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score.

The 4AT scale for rapid detection of delirium in emergency department triage.

Aims: To assess the diagnostic accuracy and time impact of the 4AT scale in emergency department triage.

Methods: A Prospective diagnostic accuracy study was carried out. People aged ≥65 years presenting to the emergency department from 1 November 2021 to 30 June 2022 were included.

Influence of physical exercise on respiratory muscle function in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Respiratory function decreases with aging. The literature showed that non-ventilatory specific exercise could have a positive impact on respiratory muscles. A systematic literature review was conducted to assess the effects of non-ventilatory specific exercise on maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory pressure (MEP) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) in older adults.

Incidence of delirium in older people with cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Delirium is a prevalent neuropsychiatric syndrome in older people with cancer. However, there are no meta-analyses assessing its incidence exclusively in this population. This study aims to assess the incidence proportion of delirium in older people with cancer in the hospital area.

Can Leucine Supplementation Improve Frailty Index Scores?

Sarcopenia and frailty are important conditions that become increasingly prevalent with age. There is partial overlap between the two conditions, especially in terms of the physical aspects of the frailty phenotype: low grip strength, gait speed, and muscle mass. This study examined whether administration of the essential branched-chain amino acid leucine, besides improving sarcopenia, may reduce frailty assessed by frailty index (FI) in older institutionalized people living in nursing homes.

Relationship between Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms with Somatosensory Functions in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Older Adults and Its Impact on Quality of Life.

Aging is an inevitable process that impacts the peripheral and central nervous systems and is considered one of the strongest risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, when it also presents with diabetes mellitus, the risk of neurological damage may be further increased. This current study aimed to explore the relationships between peripheral sensory system decline and cognitive functions, the symptoms of depression, and quality of life (QoL) as metrics of central nervous system impairment in institutionalized older adults.

Effectiveness of Functional or Aerobic Exercise Combined With Breathing Techniques in Telerehabilitation for Patients With Long COVID: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the short-term clinical effects of 2 telerehabilitation programs, functional versus aerobic exercises (AEs), both combined with breathing techniques, regarding the improvement of long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted. The participants were assigned randomly to either the functional exercise (FE) group or AE group, both including breathing techniques.

Fear of Falling Score Is a Predictor of Falls in Community-Dwelling Pre-Frail and Frail Older People.

Identifying frail older people at risk of falling is a priority in order to apply preventive strategies. This cross-sectional study included community-dwelling pre-frail and frail people (Fried's criteria) aged 70 years and older to assess the prevalence of falls and identify screening strategies based on comprehensive geriatric assessments to detect an increased risk of falling and recurrent falling in community-dwelling frail and pre-frail old people. Of the 229 participants, 121 (54.

Assessing quality of life with SarQol is useful in screening for sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in older women.

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) may be impaired in the presence of sarcopenia. Since a specific quality of life questionnaire became available for sarcopenia (SarQol), cutoffs to screen for this condition have been proposed, prompting the need to assess them in different populations. Due to the lack of consensus on diagnostic criteria, the tool has not yet been analyzed in screening for sarcopenic obesity.

Accuracy of Delirium Screening Tools in Older People with Cancer-A Systematic Review.

Background: The increase in life expectancy worldwide has led to a larger population of older people, which in turn entails a rising prevalence of cancer. One of the main complications of cancer is delirium, especially in advanced stages.

Objective: To determine which delirium screening instrument is the most accurate in older people with cancer.

Respiratory Function Analysis in Patients with Chronic Pain: An Umbrella Review and Meta-Analysis of Pooled Findings.

Background: The main aim of this umbrella review was to assess the respiratory function in patients with chronic pain (CP), including patients with chronic neck pain (CNP), chronic low back pain (CLBP), and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS).

Methods: We searched in PubMed, PEDro, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Google Scholar (4 February 2023). The outcome measures were respiratory muscle strength (MIP/MEP) and pulmonary function (VC, MVV, FVC, FEV, FEV/FVC ratio, FEV, and PEF).

Risk Factors for One-Year Mortality in Hospitalized Adults with Severe COVID-19.

As the body's immunity declines with age, elderly-hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 might be at higher mortality risk. Therefore, the aim of this prospective study was to examine the possible risk factors (demographic, social or comorbidities) most associated with mortality one-year after diagnosis of COVID-19. Routine data were collected from a cohort of hospitalized adults with severe COVID-19.

Clinical Risk Group as a predictor of mortality in delirious older adults in the emergency department.

Background: In older people, chronicity is associated with delirium, which in turn increases the risk of developing poor clinical outcomes like nursing home admission and death. The aim is to determine whether chronicity, as assessed by Clinical Risk Groups (CRG), is an independent predictor of mortality in older adults with delirium seen in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: Prospective study with 18-month follow-up.

Feasibility of the 30 s Sit-to-Stand Test in the Telehealth Setting and Its Relationship to Persistent Symptoms in Non-Hospitalized Patients with Long COVID.

Fatigue, dyspnea and pain are the main limitations of patients with long COVID. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of the 30 s sit-to-stand (30s-STS) test in the telehealth setting and its relationship to persistent symptoms in a sample of non-hospitalized patients with long COVID. A cross-sectional study was conducted in community patients with long COVID.

Fat infiltration and muscle hydration improve after high-intensity resistance training in women with sarcopenia. A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Resistance training is recommended for preventing sarcopenia, but the benefits for the quality and quantity of muscle mass are uncertain.

Objective: To assess the effects of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) on clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in women with sarcopenia.

Methods: A researcher-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted.

Caring for the Elderly Enhances Positive Attitudes Better Than Knowledge in Nursing Students.

: There is a growing interest in the measurement of attitudes towards older people in healthcare professionals, as there is a need to implement interventions to improve ageist attitudes. A one group pretest-posttest study was carried out to explore the change in nursing student attitudes towards the elderly during their university careers. : A total of 97 nursing students were enrolled.

Resistance training of peripheral muscles benefits respiratory parameters in older women with sarcopenia: Randomized controlled trial.

Purpose Of The Research: Ageing entails a decrease in muscle mass and strength, known as sarcopenia, which also affects respiratory function. Physical exercise is an appropriate intervention to treat both conditions. This study aims to assess the efficacy of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) on clinical parameters of respiratory function and health-related quality of life (QoL) in community-dwelling older women with sarcopenia.

Challenges in the Detection of Clinically Useful Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Delirium in Older People in the Emergency Department-A Case-Control Study.

Background: The identification of biomarkers associated with delirium in the emergency department could contribute to the understanding, prediction and diagnosis of this disorder. The present study was carried out to identify biomarkers included in easily and quickly obtained standard blood examinations in older patients with delirium in the emergency department.

Methods: A case-control study was carried out in the emergency department of Francesc de Borja Hospital (Gandía, Valencia, Spain).

30 s sit-to-stand power is positively associated with chest muscle thickness in COVID-19 survivors.

Introduction: After hospitalization, early detection of musculoskeletal sequelae might help healthcare professionals to improve and individualize treatment, accelerating recovery after COVID-19. The objective was to determine the association between the 30s sit-to-stand muscle power (30s-STS) and cross-sectional area of the chest muscles (pectoralis) in COVID-19 survivors.

Method: This cross-sectional study collected routine data from COVID-19 survivors one month after hospitalization: 1) a chest computed tomography (CT) scan and 2) a functional capacity test (30s-STS).

Frailty Status Improvement after 5-Month Multicomponent Program PROMUFRA in Community-Dwelling Older People: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

A study was made of the effect of the PROMUFRA multicomponent frailty program upon physical frailty, kinanthropometry, pain and muscle function parameters in frail and pre-frail community-dwelling older people. Eighty-one participants were randomly allocated to the intervention group (IG) or control group (CG). The IG performed PROMUFRA for 20 weeks, using six strength exercises with three series of 8-12 repetitions until muscular failure, and seven myofascial exercises, with one set of 10 repetitions.

The Impact of Charlson Comorbidity Index on the Functional Capacity of COVID-19 Survivors: A Prospective Cohort Study with One-Year Follow-Up.

Objective: To determine the association between the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score after discharge with 6-min walk test (6MWT) 1 year after discharge in a cohort of COVID-19 survivors. Methods: In this prospective study, data were collected from a consecutive sample of patients hospitalized for COVID-19. The CCI score was calculated from the comorbidity data.

Identification through the Manchester Triage System of the older population at risk of delirium: A case-control study.

Objective: To identify the flow charts and discriminators of the Manchester Triage System that are most likely to identify the onset of delirium in older people.

Background: Delirium is an underdiagnosed geriatric syndrome, and up to 80% of all cases of delirium go undetected in emergency departments. Patient triage seeks to manage clinical risk with a view to safely and appropriately managing patient flows.

Respiratory Function Correlates with Fat Mass Index and Blood Triglycerides in Institutionalized Older Individuals.

Background: We investigated the relationship between respiratory function measured by spirometry analysis and anthropometric variables (skeletal and fat mass) and nutritional status in the institutionalized elderly, particularly at high-risk for adverse outcomes after respiratory infections and malnutrition.

Design: This is a multicenter cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach conducted among older people institutionalized living in nursing homes.

Methods: Respiratory function was assessed by measuring the forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in the first second, the ratio between FEV1 and FVC (FEV1/FVC), and peak expiratory flow in percentage by means of spirometric analysis (values of the forced expiratory volume measured during the first second of the forced breath (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC)).