Laboratory Environment Management System - GAL: Assessment of a tool for sentinel surveillance of influenza-like illness, Brazil, 2011-2012.

Objective: to evaluate the Brazilian Laboratorial Environment Management System (GAL) as a data source for the Sentinel Surveillance of Influenza-Like Illness (SSILI).

Methods: this is an evaluation study of GAL, through the analysis of its simplicity, flexibility, data quality, acceptability, representativeness, timeliness, stability and usefulness for SSILI, based on the guide for system evaluation in public health of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta/GA, USA).

Results: in 2011 and 2012, a total of 13,765 exams for respiratory viruses were registered.

2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil: active surveillance and profile of health care in the host city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.

Objective: to describe the real-time active surveillance strategy and the profile of health care provided during the 20th FIFA World Cup Brazil 2014 (FWCB), in the host city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.

Methods: this was a descriptive study with data collected from medical records during the FWCB, between June 8 and July 13, 2014, in pre-selected health care units.

Results: there were 2,570 medical assistances related to the FWCB; 56% of the patients were male, 35% were between 20 and 29 years old; 68% were clinical care, and 64% of the individuals were fans/spectators; 94% of the patients were discharged, 3% were referred, 3% were hospitalized and 0.

[Outbreak of foodborne disease at a mass event of indigenous peoples in Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil, in 2013].

Objective: to report the experience of investigating the outbreak of acute diarrhoea (AD) at the XII Indigenous Games in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 2013.

Methods: data were collected from the Advanced Medical Post's service records of the AD cases, which were defined as 'individual Games participant referring episode of diarrhoea and/or vomiting'; AD attack rates, relative frequencies and measures of the central tendency of sociodemographic and clinical variables, sanitary inspections and results of bromatological samples were calculated.

Results: 384 (37%) cases met the definition of AD; the epidemic peaks of the outbreak occurred on the 4th and 7th day of the event and the disease attack rate was 33.

High-fat diet induces site-specific unresponsiveness to LPS-stimulated STAT3 activation in the hypothalamus.

Hypophagia induced by inflammation is associated with Janus kinase (JAK)-2/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 signaling pathway, and leptin-mediated hypophagia is also mediated by JAK2-STAT3 pathway. We have previously reported that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) did not reduce food intake in leptin-resistant high-fat diet (HFD) rats but maintained body weight loss. We investigated whether changes in p-STAT3 expression in the hypothalamus and brain stem could account for the desensitization of hypophagia in HFD animals after a low LPS dose (100 μg/kg).