Hyperhomocysteinemia in Adult Patients: A Treatable Metabolic Condition.

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is recognized as an independent risk factor for various significant medical conditions, yet controversy persists around its assessment and management. The diagnosis of disorders afffecting homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism faces delays due to insufficient awareness of its clinical presentation and unique biochemical characteristics. In cases of arterial or venous thrombotic vascular events, particularly with other comorbidities, it is crucial to consider moderate to severe HHcy.

Four-year incidence of diabetic retinopathy in a Spanish cohort: the MADIABETES study.

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of diabetic retinopathy in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, to identify the risk factors associated with the incidence of retinopathy and to develop a risk table to predict four-year retinopathy risk stratification for clinical use, from a four-year cohort study.

Design: The MADIABETES Study is a prospective cohort study of 3,443 outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, sampled from 56 primary health care centers (131 general practitioners) in Madrid (Spain).

Results: The cumulative incidence of retinopathy at four-year follow-up was 8.

Dental problems in patients with diabetes mellitus (II): gingival index and periodontal disease.

Unlabelled: Among the late complications associated to the diabetes mellitus, periodontal disease has been highlighted, and it can be more severe and refractory to treatment than in healthy subjects.

Objectives: Determine the prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis as well as the Community Periodontal Index of Need of Treatment (CPITN) in diabetic population compared with a control one. Analyze the histological characteristics in the gingiva of diabetic patients.

Bucco-dental problems in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (I) : Index of plaque and dental caries.

Unlabelled: Diabetes mellitus is presently considered as one of the most frequent chronic disease, thus, it is important to know what its most relevant buccal disorders are.

Objectives: Study the different signs and symptoms that diabetic patients present in the oral cavity. Assess the status of oral hygiene and prevalence of dental caries in a diabetic population in regards to a control population.