SEM-EDX linear scanning: a new tool for morpho-compositional analysis of growth bands in urinary stones.

The genesis and growth of calculi are imprinted in their structure, so the pathogenesis of lithiasis could potentially be read via proper analytical techniques. In this study, electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) is used to obtain a description of the morphology and compositional structure of a single bladder stone. This technique establishes the chemical and crystalline architecture of the urolith to assess the effect of the chemical environment on its growth.

Risk factors for graft loss and mortality after renal transplantation according to recipient age: a prospective multicentre study.

Background: To describe the causes of graft loss, patient death and survival figures in kidney transplant patients in Spain based on the recipient's age.

Methods: The results at 5 years of post-transplant cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients, taken from a database on CVD, were prospectively analysed, i.e.