Testosterone Enhances K Currents and Airway Smooth Muscle Relaxation Induced by ATP and UTP through P2Y Receptors and Adenylyl Cyclase Pathway.

Numerous studies suggest the involvement of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) and similar nucleotides in the pathophysiology of asthma. Androgens, such as testosterone (TES), are proposed to alleviate asthma symptoms in young men. ATP and uridine-5'-triphosphate (UTP) relax the airway smooth muscle (ASM) via purinergic P2Y and P2Y receptors and K channel opening.

[Saturation index and fraction of inspired oxygen as a predictor in COVID-19].

Background: Coronavirus disease leads to silent hypoxia, ARDS, and organ failure. The saturation and fraction of inspired oxygen have been related to the degree of lung damage, can be considered as a monitoring tool for lung function during hospitalization and a predictor of mortality in patients with pneumonia by COVID-19.

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of the oxygen saturation index and fraction of inspired oxygen as a predictor of mortality in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Effect of the Melanocortin 4-Receptor Ile269Asn Mutation on Weight Loss Response to Dietary, Phentermine and Bariatric Surgery Interventions.

The loss of function melanocortin 4-receptor () Ile269Asn mutation has been proposed as one of the most important genetic contributors to obesity in the Mexican population. However, whether patients bearing this mutation respond differently to weight loss treatments is unknown. We tested the association of this mutation with obesity in 1683 Mexican adults, and compared the response of mutation carriers and non-carriers to three different weight loss interventions: dietary restriction intervention, phentermine 30 mg/day treatment, and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery.

Bio-guided study of the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and free-radical scavenging capacity of the leaves of Rhus virens Lindh. ex A. Gray and its possible mechanism of antinociception.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Rhus genus is commonly known as sumac and widely used in the folk medicine. Rhus virens is a plant commonly used to treat diabetes or pain in the northern territory of Mexico. Even though R.

GPR55 and GPR119 Receptors Contribute to the Processing of Neuropathic Pain in Rats.

Orphan G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) comprise a large number of receptors which are widely distributed in the nervous system and represent an opportunity to identify new molecular targets in pain medicine. GPR55 and GPR119 are two orphan GPCR receptors whose physiological function is unclear. The aim was to explore the participation of spinal GPR55 and GPR119 in the processing of neuropathic pain in rats.

Evaluation of the Antinociceptive, Antiallodynic, Antihyperalgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Polyalthic Acid.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are very commonly used, but their adverse effects warrant investigating new therapeutic alternatives. Polyalthic acid, a labdane-type diterpenoid, is known to produce gastroprotection, tracheal smooth muscle relaxation, and antitumoral, antiparasitic and antibacterial activity. This study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive, antiallodynic, antihyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of polyalthic acid on rats.

Pharmacokinetic evaluation of two pirfenidone formulations in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal disease characterized by an abnormal activation of lung epithelium and fibroblasts, as well as an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. Pirfenidone was introduced as a therapeutic option for IPF and chronic hypersensitive pneumonitis (cHP), a related disease. However, high plasma concentrations, which can be achieved even at recommended doses, are frequently associated with adverse events.

Antinociceptive Interaction and Pharmacokinetics of the Combination Treatments of Methyleugenol Plus Diclofenac or Ketorolac.

Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the main types of drugs used to treat pain, they have several adverse effects, and such effects can be reduced by combining two analgesic drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nociceptive activity of methyleugenol combined with either diclofenac or ketorolac, and determine certain parameters of pharmacokinetics. For the isobolographic analysis, the experimental effective dose 30 (ED) was calculated for the drugs applied individually.

Efficacy and safety of the metformin-mazindol anorectic combination in rat.

The current study investigates the anorectic interaction and safety of the mazindol-metformin combination in rats. Isobologram and interaction index were used to determine anorectic interaction between mazindol and metformin in the sweetened milk model. The safety profile of the mazindol-metformin combination was determined by measuring anxiety, blood pressure, hematic biometry and blood chemistry.

Zinc and selenium indicators and their relation to immunologic and metabolic parameters in male patients with human immunodeficiency virus.

Objectives: Micronutrient deficiencies are common among people living with HIV (PLWHIV). The clinical and immunologic consequences of micronutrient deficiencies have been poorly explored in the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of zinc and selenium deficiency (dietary intake and serum concentrations) and analyze their associations with absolute CD4+ T-cell counts, inflammation markers, and metabolic disorders in a cohort of antiretroviral-experienced HIV-infected individuals.

Possible involvement of peripheral TRP channels in the hydrogen sulfide-induced hyperalgesia in diabetic rats.

Background: Peripheral diabetic neuropathy can be painful and its symptoms include hyperalgesia, allodynia and spontaneous pain. Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is involved in diabetes-induced hyperalgesia and allodynia. However, the molecular target through which HS induces hyperalgesia in diabetic animals is unclear.

Antiallodynic interaction and motor performance of the pregabalin/thioctic acid and pregabalin/α-tocopherol combinations in neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Painful peripheral neuropathy can be associated with nerve damage caused by diabetes mellitus. Although pregabalin is the first-line therapy for peripheral neuropathy, it shows substantial discontinuation rates, mainly because of nervous system side effects as motor incoordination. Multimodal therapy may improve the motor side effect profile of pregabalin.

Overexpression of Endothelin-1 Leads to More Severe Pulmonary Complex Vascular Lesions Associated with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Background And Aims: Despite increase in survival of HIV patients due to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), non-infectious complications are still prevalent such as presentation of lung vasculopathy, even in asymptomatic patients. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor that causes pulmonary vasculopathy. Participation of this protein in the pulmonary circulation in HIV patients has not been elucidated.

[Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated to human immunodeficiency virus].

From the advent of the highly effective antiretroviral treatment, the life expectancy of patients with human immunodeficiency virus has increased significantly. At present, the causes of death are non-infectious complications. Between them, the pulmonary arterial hypertension has a special importance.

Participation of peripheral P2Y1, P2Y6 and P2Y11 receptors in formalin-induced inflammatory pain in rats.

Metabotropic P2Y receptors subfamily consists of eight functional mammalian receptors. Specifically, P2Y1, P2Y6 and P2Y11 receptors have been described in the sensory nervous system, but their participation, at peripheral level, in behavioral pain models is scarcely understood. This study assessed the role of peripheral P2Y1, P2Y6 and P2Y11 receptors in formalin-induced inflammatory pain.

Rapid and sensitive determination of levofloxacin in microsamples of human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography and its application in a pharmacokinetic study.

A rapid, sensitive and simple high-performance liquid chromatographic assay with ultraviolet detection was developed for the quantification of levofloxacin in microsamples (100 μL) of human plasma. The extraction procedure included a protein precipitation technique and a short chromatographic running time (4.5 min).

Relationship between blood levels and the anti-hyperalgesic effect of ketoprofen in the rat.

The relationship between blood levels of ketoprofen and its anti-hyperalgesic effects was examined in rat using the carrageenan-evoked thermal hyperalgesia model. Female adult Wistar rats were injected with carrageenan into the plantar surface of the right hind paw. Immediately after, rats were administered with ketoprofen po and hindpaw withdrawal latency measured and micro-whole blood samples were obtained over six hours via a cannula inserted in the caudal artery.

Biosimilar drugs in Mexico: position of the Mexican College of Rheumatology, 2012.

Biotechnological drugs (BTDs) are complex molecules whose manufacturing process precludes the ability to identically reproduce the structure of the original product, and therefore there cannot be an absolute equivalence between the original (innovative) medication and its biosimilar counterpart. BTDs have been proven useful in the treatment of several rheumatic diseases, however their high cost has prevented their use in many patients. Several BTD patents have expired or are close to expire, triggering the development of structurally similar drugs with efficacy and safety profiles comparable to the innovative compound; however, these must be evaluated through evidence based medicine.

N-(4-Methoxy-2-nitrophenyl)hexadecanamide, a palmitoylethanolamide analogue, reduces formalin-induced nociception.

Aims: To investigate the local antinociceptive effect as well as the possible mechanisms of action of a novel analogue of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) N-(4-methoxy-2-nitrophenyl)hexadecanamide (HD) in the rat formalin test.

Main Methods: The formalin test was used to assess the antinociceptive activity of HD in vivo. The hydrolysis of anandamide catalyzed by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) was used to determine the action of HD on FAAH activity in vitro.

Evaluation of gender in the oral pharmacokinetics of clindamycin in humans.

Clindamycin is an antimicrobial agent metabolized by CYP3A4. Gender may influence the pharmacokinetics of drugs metabolized by this pathway, however, no information about differences in the pharmacokinetics of clindamycin in men and women is available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate gender differences in clindamycin oral pharmacokinetics.

Comparative bioavailability of two oral suspensions of naproxen sodium.

The bioavailability of naproxen sodium (CAS 26159-34-2) after administration of two oral suspensions, reference or test (Pactens), was compared in 24 healthy subjects. The volunteers received an oral dose of 250 mg (10 ml) in two separate sessions under fasting conditions according to a randomized cross-over design and blood samples were obtained at selected times for a period of 72 h. Plasma samples were analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of naproxen.

Understanding drug disposition alterations induced by acute spinal cord injury: role of injury level and route of administration for agents submitted to extensive liver metabolism.

It is known that acute spinal cord injury (SCI) produces hemodynamic alterations, including a reduction in liver blood flow that is more pronounced after high-thoracic than after low-thoracic injury. To determine if these changes have an impact in the pharmacokinetics of high extraction drugs (i.e.