Mullus barbatus L. and Mullus surmuletus L. from western Mediterranean waters (SE Spain) are infected by Hysterothylacium fabri, but not by zoonotic nematodes. Possible impact on fish hosts.

In order to know whether there is a risk of anisakiasis (or anisakidosis) by consumption of fish of the genus Mullus from the western Mediterranean Sea, which are appreciated for their quality, an epidemiological survey was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of zoonotic or potentially zoonotic nematodes in M. barbatus and M. surmuletus.

Anisakiasis and Anisakidae.

Parasitism as a lifestyle is much more common in nature than it seems [...

Anisakis infection in anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus) from Iberian waters, southwestern Europe: Post-mortem larval migration.

The Anisakis larvae presence in fish for human consumption is a health risk that needs to be monitored. The anchovy is a fish that is highly appreciated by consumers and that can harbour Anisakis. It is thus necessary to periodically evaluate the presence of anisakid larvae in them.

Infection in the Spotted Flounder (Pleuronectiformes: Citharidae) Caught in the Gulf of Cadiz (Area FAO 27-ICES IXa) Appears to Negatively Affect Fish Growth.

Spotted flounder ( L.) caught in the Gulf of Cadiz (area FAO 27 ICES IXa) were examined for larvae and to assess the possible risk of anisakiasis in humans through consumption of this fish. Larvae of the genera and were identified in the analysis of 128 purchased fish specimens.

Molecular Epidemiology of spp. in Wedge Sole, (Moreau, 1881), from Fishmarkets in Granada (Southern Spain), Caught in Two Adjacent NE and CE Atlantic Areas.

The presence of third stage larvae (L3) of spp. in wedge sole, (Moreau, 1881), purchased in fishmarkets in the city of Granada (Andalusia, southern Spain) was assessed. The wedge sole were caught in two FAO zones: area 27.

Differential Cleaving of Specific Substrates for Cathepsin-Like Activity Shows Cysteine and Serine Protease Activities and a Differential Profile Between and , Sibling Species Major Etiologic Agents of Anisakiasis.

Humans can contract anisakiasis by eating fish or squid containing live larvae of the third stage (L3) of the parasitic nematodes of the genus , majorly from and , sibling species of the complex. Most cases diagnosed molecularly are due to , although has also been identified in human cases. Cathepsins are mostly lysosomal multifunctional cysteine proteases and can participate in the pathogenicity of parasites.

Differential proteolytic activity in Anisakis simplex s.s. and Anisakis pegreffii, two sibling species from the complex Anisakis simplex s.l., major etiological agents of anisakiasis.

Proteolytic activity was studied in two sibling species of Anisakis (Nematoda: Anisakidae), A. simplex s.s.

Molecular epidemiology of Anisakis spp. in blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou in eastern waters of Spain, western Mediterranean Sea.

The infection of blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou from the western Mediterranean Sea, off the eastern coast of Spain, with larvae of Anisakis spp. was studied. Between April 2016 and April 2017, 140 fish were analyzed.

A scanning electron microscopy study of Anisakis physeteris molecularly identified: from third stage larvae from fish to fourth stage larvae obtained in vitro.

The development of the fourth larval stage (L4) of Anisakis physeteris was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), comparing it with third larval stage (L3) recently obtained from the host fish, blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou), from the western Mediterranean Sea (east coast of Spain, zone FAO 37.1.1).

A scanning electron microscopy study of early development in vitro of Contracaecum multipapillatum s.l. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from a brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) from the Gulf of California, Mexico.

Eggs obtained from the uteri of female nematodes, genetically identified as Contracaecum multipapillatum s.l., found in a brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) from Bahía de La Paz, Gulf of California, Mexico, were used to study the early developmental stages of this anisakid by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Early development and life cycle of Contracaecum multipapillatum s.l. from a brown pelican Pelecanus occidentalis in the Gulf of California, Mexico.

The initial developmental stages of Contracaecum multipapillatum (von Drasche, 1882) Lucker, 1941 sensu lato were studied using eggs obtained from the uteri of female nematodes (genetically identified) found in a brown pelican Pelecanus occidentalis from Bahía de La Paz (Gulf of California, Mexico). Optical microscopy revealed a smooth or slightly rough surface to the eggs. Egg dimensions were approximately 53 × 43 µm, although after the larvae had developed inside, egg size increased to 66 × 55 µm.

Fishing area and fish size as risk factors of Anisakis infection in sardines (Sardina pilchardus) from Iberian waters, southwestern Europe.

The sardine (Sardina pilchardus) is a fish commonly consumed and appreciated in many countries, although they are more likely to be eaten fresh in western Mediterranean countries such as Spain, Portugal, France or Italy. A molecular epidemiological survey of sardines from 5 fishing areas of the Spanish Mediterranean (Málaga, southern Spain) and Atlantic coasts (southern: Cádiz and Isla Cristina; northern: A Coruña and Ondarroa) was carried out to determine the presence of Anisakis spp. larvae.

Proteolytic activity in Hysterothylacium aduncum (Nematoda: Anisakidae), a fish gastrointestinal parasite of worldwide distribution.

Proteases have a significant role in the life cycle of parasites and the pathogen-host relationship, being regarded as important virulence factors. In the parasitic nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum proteolytic activity was measured during in vitro development from third larval stage (L3) to mature adult, using DQ red casein as a fluorogenic substrate. Proteolytic activity was detected in all the developmental stages studied and at all pH values within the range employed (2.

Collagenolytic activity related to metalloproteases (and serine proteases) in the fish parasite Hysterothylacium aduncum (Nematoda: Anisakidae).

Proteases play a vital role in both the life cycle of parasites and the parasite-host relationship and are considered important virulence factors. In the present study, the presence of proteases with collagenolytic activity was investigated in the fish nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum during in vitro development. Collagenolytic activity was found in all studied developmental stages of the nematode (third [L3] and fourth [L4] larval stages and adults).

Cathepsin B- and L-like cysteine protease activities during the in vitro development of Hysterothylacium aduncum (Nematoda: Anisakidae), a worldwide fish parasite.

Proteinases play an important role as virulence factors both in the life-cycle of parasites and in the pathogen-host relationship. Hysterothylacium aduncum is a worldwide fish parasite nematode which has been associated with non-invasive anisakidosis and allergic responses to fish consumption in humans. Cysteine proteinases have been associated with allergy to plant pollens, detergents and dust mites.

CO2-fixing enzymes and phosphoenolpyruvate metabolism in the fish parasite Hysterothylacium aduncum (Ascaridoidea, Anisakidae).

CO2 stimulates the development of many of the intestinal helminths that are able to fix CO2 by means of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), such as Hysterothylacium aduncum. We determined the activity of CO2-fixing enzymes such as PEPCK and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), although no significant activity was detected for pyruvate carboxylase or carboxylating-malic enzyme. The former act on phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to yield oxalacetate.

The fishing area as a possible indicator of the infection by anisakids in anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus) from southwestern Europe.

A study was conducted on the parasitization by anisakids of European anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus) from the Eastern Atlantic (Gulf of Cádiz and Strait of Gibraltar) and Western Mediterranean (Ligurian Sea, Gulf of Lion, Catalonia coast and NW Alborán Sea) throughout 1998 and 1999. The anisakids detected were identified as third larval stages of Anisakis larva type I and Hysterothylacium aduncum. Global prevalence was 9.

Hysterothylacium aduncum, the only anisakid parasite of sardines (Sardina pilchardus) from the southern and eastern coasts of Spain.

An epidemiological study was carried out on the anisakids in sardines (Sardina pilchardus) from the southern (Atlantic and Mediterranean) and eastern coasts of Spain. Length of fish was from 12.2-21.

Anisakis simplex: CO(2)-fixing enzymes and development throughout the in vitro cultivation from third larval stage to adult.

We studied the effect of CO(2) on the in vitro cultivation of Anisakis simplex, an aquatic parasitic nematode of cetaceans (final hosts) and fish, squid, crustaceans and other invertebrates (intermediate/paratenic hosts), and, occasionally, of man (accidental host). The results showed that a high pCO(2), at a suitable temperature, is vital for the optimum development of these nematodes, at least from the third larval stage (L3) to adult. After 30 days cultivation in air, molting to L4 (fourth larval stage) was reduced to 1/3, while survival was about 1/3 of that when cultivated in air + 5% CO(2).