Exploring factors influencing delirium incidence: Insights from the Alzira cohort study, 2012-2021.

Introduction: Hip fractures are a common pathology among older adults, often accompanied by significant complications such as delirium, a geriatric syndrome associated with prolonged hospitalization, reduced functional recovery, and decreased overall survival rates. This study aims to determine the incidence of delirium and its correlation with various factors during hospitalization, as well as its impact on short-, medium-, and long-term survival.

Methodology: A retrospective cohort study was undertaken to examine hospital admissions of individuals aged 70 years or older diagnosed with hip fractures at the Hospital Universitario La Ribera in Alzira, Valencia, from January 2012 to December 2021.

Involvement of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Longevity and Healthspan: Insights from Humans, Mice, and .

In previous studies, using transcriptomic analysis, we observed higher levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) gene expression in the peripheral blood cells of centenarians compared to octogenarians. This suggests the potential significance of this receptor in maintaining physiological balance and promoting healthy aging, possibly linked to its critical role in detoxifying xenobiotics. In our current study, we confirmed that AHR expression is indeed higher in centenarians.

Assessing Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Nutritional Indicator in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Background: In an aging population, there is an increasing need for easily accessible nutritional markers.

Aims: To determine whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can serve as an effective nutritional indicator compared to the Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) or other common markers such as albumin and body mass index (BMI).

Methods: Data were obtained from the SABE study in Ecuador, which included participants aged 60 years or older.

Respiratory Complications Are the Main Predictors of 1-Year Mortality in Patients with Hip Fractures: The Results from the Alzira Retrospective Cohort Study.

: Hip fractures pose a significant challenge for older individuals given their high incidence and one-year mortality rate. The objective of this study was to identify the primary predictors of one-year mortality in older adults hospitalized for hip fractures. We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving adults aged 70 years or older who were admitted to the hospital for fragility hip fractures between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2021.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte count as an alternative to body mass index for screening malnutrition in older adults living in the community.

Purpose: Accurate height and weight measurement can be challenging in older adults and complicates nutritional status assessment. Other parameters like the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the lymphocyte count (LC) could be an option to these measurements. We aimed to test these variables as subrogates of body mass index (BMI) or calf-circumference (CC) for malnutrition screening in community-dwelling older adults.

Diabetic Sarcopenia. A proposed muscle screening protocol in people with diabetes : Expert document.

Objectives: To propose the grounds for "diabetic sarcopenia" as a new comorbidity of diabetes, and to establish a muscle screening algorithm proposal to facilitate its diagnosis and staging in clinical practice.

Method: A qualitative expert opinion study was carried out using the nominal technique. A literature search was performed with the terms "screening" or "diagnostic criteria" and "muscle loss" or "sarcopenia" and "diabetes" that was sent to a multidisciplinary group of 7 experts who, in a face-to-face meeting, discussed various aspects of the screening algorithm.

Effect of Familial Longevity on Frailty and Sarcopenia: A Case-Control Study.

Familial longevity confers advantages in terms of health, functionality, and longevity. We sought to assess potential differences in frailty and sarcopenia in older adults according to a parental history of extraordinary longevity. A total of 176 community-dwelling subjects aged 65-80 years were recruited in this observational case-control study, pair-matched 1:1 for gender, age, and place of birth and residence: 88 centenarians' offspring (case group) and 88 non-centenarians' offspring (control group).

[Decreased muscle mass in type-2 diabetes. A hidden comorbidity to consider].

Objectives: an expert report is presented on the situation of loss of muscle mass in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with a proposal of what the clinical approach to this comorbidity should be, based on the evidence from the literature and clinical experience. Method: a qualitative expert opinion study was carried out using the nominal approach. A literature search on diabetes and muscle was made and submitted to a multidisciplinary group of 7 experts who through a face-to-face meeting discussed different aspects of the role of muscle mass in T2DM.

Real-Life Outcomes of a Multicomponent Exercise Intervention in Community-Dwelling Frail Older Adults and Its Association with Nutritional-Related Factors.

Most of the studies on physical exercise in older adults have been conducted through randomized clinical trials performed under tight experimental conditions. Data regarding Real-Life physical exercise intervention programs in older adults with different conditions and in different settings, are lacking. This is an interventional, prospective and pragmatic Real-Life study in which fifty sedentary and frail individuals were enrolled.

Before-and-After Study of the First Four Years of the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) Programme in Older Adults Undergoing Elective Colorectal Cancer Surgery.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether the inclusion of older patients undergoing elective colorectal cancer resection in the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programme could improve clinical outcomes during hospital admission.

Methods: A before-and-after study in ≥70-year-old patients electively admitted for colorectal cancer resection was designed. In total, 213 patients were included in the ERAS group, and 158 were included in the control group.

Genistein effect on cognition in prodromal Alzheimer's disease patients. The GENIAL clinical trial.

Background: Delaying the transition from minimal cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's dementia is a major concern in Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics. Pathological signs of AD occur years before the onset of clinical dementia. Thus, long-term therapeutic approaches, with safe, minimally invasive, and yet effective substances are recommended.

[Results of a home rehabilitation program after hospitalization in patients with hip fracture].

Introduction: Hip fracture is one of the most frequent disabling injuries, presenting serious complications during the acute and subacute phase. Rehabilitation at home, after hospital discharge, allows rapid functional recovery. The objective of this study is to evaluate the possible usefulness of a home rehabilitation program in patients with hip fracture integrated in a Hospital at Home Unit.

Functional Transcriptomic Analysis of Centenarians' Offspring Reveals a Specific Genetic Footprint That May Explain That They Are Less Frail Than Age-Matched Noncentenarians' Offspring.

Centenarians exhibit extreme longevity and compression of morbidity and display a unique genetic signature. Centenarians' offspring seem to inherit centenarians' compression of morbidity, as measured by lower rates of age-related pathologies. We aimed to ascertain whether centenarians' offspring are less frail and whether they are endowed with a "centenarian genetic footprint" in a case-control study, matched 1:1 for gender, age ±5 years, and place of birth and residence.

Malnutrition and Increased Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Elderly Patients Undergoing Elective Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Case-Control Study Nested in a Cohort.

Background: Malnutrition increases worse outcomes during hospital admission for elective colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery in older adults.

Methods: This work was designed an observational, monocentric, case-control study nested in a cohort of patients undergoing elective surgery for CRC disease at the Hospital Universitario de la Ribera (HULR) (Alzira, Valencia, Spain) between 2011 and 2019. The study considered patients with a CONUT score in the range of moderate to severe malnutrition (>4 points), with control patients with normal nutritional situations or mild malnutrition.

Frailty Scales for Prognosis Assessment of Older Adult Patients after Acute Myocardial Infarction.

We aimed to compare the prognostic value of two different measures, the Fried's Frailty Scale (FFS) and the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), following myocardial infarction (MI). We included 150 patients ≥ 70 years admitted from AMI. Frailty was evaluated on the day before discharge.

Frailty Assessment in a Stable COPD Cohort: Is There a COPD-Frail Phenotype?

The frailty syndrome increases the morbidity/mortality in older adults, and several studies have shown a higher prevalence of this syndrome in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of frail patients with COPD to define a new phenotype called "COPD-frail." We conducted a cross-sectional study in a cohort of patients with stable COPD, classified as either frail, pre-frail, or non-frail.

for Older Adults, Where Are We Moving towards?

Since the end of World War II, science has not stopped progressing [...

Orthogeriatric Management: Improvements in Outcomes during Hospital Admission Due to Hip Fracture.

Hip fractures are an important socio-economic problem in western countries. Over the past 60 years orthogeriatric care has improved the management of older patients admitted to hospital after suffering hip fractures. Quality of care in orthogeriatric co-management units has increased, reducing adverse events during acute admission, length of stay, both in-hospital and mid-term mortality, as well as healthcare and social costs.