Ultrasound-Guided Deep Serratus Plane Block in Cat Cadavers (Felis catus): A Description of Dye and Contrast Media Distribution.

The serratus plane block is an ultrasound-guided anaesthetic technique that aims to provide analgesia to the lateral thoracic wall cranial to the 8th rib. This block can be performed in a superficial (between the latissimus dorsi and the serratus ventralis thoracis (SVT) muscles) or deep plane (between the intercostales externi and the SVT muscles). This study aimed to assess the distribution and nerve staining of a mixture of 0.

Description and Evaluation of Dye and Contrast Media Distribution of Ultrasound-Guided Rectus Sheath Block in Cat Cadavers.

The rectus sheath block is an ultrasound-guided anaesthetic technique which aims to provide analgesia to the abdominal midline. This study aimed to assess the distribution of 0.4 mL kg of a mixture of methylene blue and iopromide injected into each hemiabdomen in the internal rectus sheath in cat cadavers.

Modified Ultrasound-Guided Dorsal Quadratus Lumborum Block in Cat Cadavers.

The quadratus lumborum (QL) block is an ultrasound-guided locoregional anesthesia technique which aims to provide analgesia to the abdomen. The main objective of this study was to assess a modified ultrasound-guided dorsal QL block in cat cadavers. For this purpose, a volume of 0.

Ultrasonographic assessment of the renal size using a kidney length to vertebral body length ratio in cats.

Ultrasonographic assessment of the renal size can provide useful clinical information, in combination with other ultrasonographic parameters. The aims of this study were to establish the agreement between the ultrasonographic and radiographic measurements of the kidneys (K) and vertebral bodies (L5 and L6), to establish an ultrasonographic measurement of kidney-to-vertebral body (L5 and L6) ratio to estimate the renal size in cats, and to assess the impact of age, body weight, sex, and gonadal status on the ultrasonographic measurements of the kidneys, vertebral bodies, and ratios. The vertebral bodies of L5 and L6 were chosen as they were easy to identify with ultrasonography (US) using the lumbosacral junction as a landmark, and they are not usually affected by vertebral anomalies.

Evaluation of High-Volume Injections Using a Modified Dorsal Quadratus Lumborum Block Approach in Canine Cadavers.

The quadratus lumborum (QL) block targets the fascial plane surrounding the QL muscle providing abdominal somatic and visceral analgesia. The extension of its analgesic effects is a subject of research, as it could not cover areas of the cranial abdomen in dogs. This study assesses in eight thawed canine cadavers, the distribution of high-volume injections (0.

Short-Term Effects of Deliberate Subparaneural or Subepineural Injections With Saline Solution or Bupivacaine 0.75% in the Sciatic Nerve of Rabbits.

Ultrasound (US)-guided techniques for peripheral nerve blockade have revealed that intraneural injections are relatively frequent and not necessarily associated with neurological deficits. To evaluate the short-term effects of deliberate injections performed under direct vision in two different sites of the sciatic nerve (ScN). Seventy-two New Zealand white rabbits randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups ( = 18) were employed.

Pharmacokinetics and sedative effects of alfaxalone with or without dexmedetomidine in rabbits.

This study aimed to investigate the specific pharmacokinetic profile and effects of alfaxalone after intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration to rabbits and evaluate the potential interaction with dexmedetomidine. The study design was a blinded, randomized crossover with a washout period of 2 weeks. Five New Zealand white rabbits were used.

Effects of midazolam before or after alfaxalone for co-induction of anaesthesia in healthy dogs.

Objective: To study the effect of alternating the order of midazolam and alfaxalone administration on the incidence of behavioural changes, alfaxalone induction dose and some cardiorespiratory variables in healthy dogs.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled, clinical trial.

Animals: A total of 33 client-owned dogs undergoing elective procedures.

Assessment of the potential efficacy of blind perineural injection techniques for blockade of the saphenous, obturator, and lateral cutaneous femoral nerves in dog cadavers.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential efficacy of blind perineural injection techniques to provide nerve blockade of the saphenous, obturator, and lateral cutaneous femoral nerves by assessing the distribution along those nerves of 3 volumes of an injected staining solution in dog cadavers. ANIMALS 18 canine cadavers. PROCEDURES The anatomic characteristics of the target nerves were evaluated by dissection in 3 cadavers.

Evaluation of an ultrasound-guided technique for axillary brachial plexus blockade in cats.

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate and refine an ultrasound (US)-guided technique to block the brachial plexus (BP) at the level of the axillary space in live cats. Methods Eight adult experimental cats were enrolled into the study. The animals were sedated and positioned in dorsal recumbency with the limb to be blocked abducted 90º.

Clinical efficacy and cardiorespiratory effects of intramuscular administration of alfaxalone alone or in combination with dexmedetomidine in cats.

Objective: To investigate the sedative, anaesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of intramuscular (IM) administration of alfaxalone alone or in combination with dexmedetomidine in cats.

Study Design: Blinded, randomized crossover study with a washout period of 15 days.

Animals: Seven adult cats, weighing 3.

Comparison of two techniques for ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus blockade in cats.

Axillary blockade of the brachial plexus (BP) is advocated in humans and dogs for surgical procedures carried out on the foot, carpus and elbow as it provides complete analgesia distally from above the elbow joint. The aim of this study was to develop an ultrasound (US)-guided approach to block the BP in cats. Two groups of 12 feline cadavers each were used to compare two different techniques to block the BP at the axillary level.

Ultrasound-guided administration of lidocaine into the sciatic nerve in a porcine model: correlation between the ultrasonographic evolution of the lesions, locomotor function and histological findings.

Intraneural puncture of local anaesthetics has been associated with permanent or transitory nerve injury. The use of ultrasound (US)-guided techniques for the blockade of peripheral nerves has revealed that intraneural puncture is a relatively common complication, which is not frequently associated with neurological deficits. In this study, 2.

Imaging diagnosis-infiltrative lipoma causing spinal cord and lumbar nerve root compression in a dog.

A 12-year-old, male, fox terrier dog presented with an abnormal gait of the left pelvic limb. Computed tomography revealed a large, homogeneous, hypoattenuating, noncontrast enhancing mass within the left epaxial muscles that invaded the L5-6 vertebral canal and caused spinal cord compression. Imaging findings were consistent with an infiltrative lipoma.

Effects of altering the sequence of midazolam and propofol during co-induction of anaesthesia.

Objective: To assess the effects of varying the sequence of midazolam and propofol administration on the quality of induction, cardiorespiratory parameters and propofol requirements in dogs.

Study Design: Randomized, controlled, clinical study.

Animals: Thirty-three client owned dogs (ASA I-III, 0.

Correlative ultrasound anatomy of the feline brachial plexus and major nerves of the thoracic limb.

Brachial plexus avulsions commonly occur in cats due to traumatic injuries involving the shoulder. Ultrasound may be an effective method for detecting injured nerves. Additional applications may include characterization of brachial plexus neoplasms and guidance of anesthetic nerve blocks.

Ultrasound-guided 'two-in-one' femoral and obturator nerve block in the dog: an anatomical study.

Objective: To evaluate the dye extent and distribution at the lumbar plexus (LP) of three volumes of local anaesthetic-methylene-blue solution administered close to the femoral nerve (FN) by the use of a ventral ultrasound (US)-guided suprainguinal approach (SIA).

Study Design: Prospective experimental trial.

Animals: Twenty mongrel canine cadavers weighing 17.

Ventral ultrasound-guided suprainguinal approach to block the femoral nerve in the dog.

This prospective study assessed a ventral ultrasound-guided suprainguinal approach to block the femoral nerve (FN) in dogs. The anatomical features of the FN were evaluated in four canine cadavers. In another five cadavers, the FN was located by ultrasound-guidance and the accuracy of this technique was evaluated by injection of black ink and posterior evaluation of the degree of staining of the nerves.

The effects of atracurium on bispectral index (BIS) values in dogs anaesthetized with isoflurane.

Balanced anaesthesia techniques employ specific drugs in addition to general anaesthetics. The potential effect of some of these drugs on the bispectral index (BIS) remains unclear. BIS seems to be unaffected by the administration of neuromuscular blockers while opioids may block nociceptive-induced BIS increases in anaesthetized humans.

The bispectral index during recovery from halothane and sevoflurane anaesthesia in horses.

Objective: To record the bispectral index (BIS) when horses moved during either halothane or sevoflurane anaesthesia and when they made volitional movements during recovery from these anaesthetics.

Study Design: Randomized prospective clinical study.

Animals: Twenty-five client-owned horses undergoing surgery aged 8.

Anaesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of romifidine/ketamine combinations in cats.

Objective: To study the anaesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of intramuscular (IM) administration of different combinations of romifidine and ketamine in cats.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, cross-over experiment. Animals Seven healthy adult cats weighing (mean +/- SD) 3.

Postanesthetic brachial triceps myonecrosis in a Spanish-bred horse.

This report describes a case of postanesthetic brachial triceps myonecrosis affecting only the left forelimb of a horse. A fatal unilateral postanesthetic myonecrosis has not been previously reported in the horse. This article describes the factors in the horse's history, the anesthetic protocol, and the treatment that may have led to this condition.

Imaging diagnosis--Ultrasound-guided ethanol sclerotherapy for a simple renal cyst.

Solitary renal cysts are benign and in the majority of instances asymptomatic and do not require treatment. Nevertheless, treatment may be required if abdominal discomfort or pain, hypertension, infection or renal outflow obstruction occur. Under these circumstances, percutaneous management of the cyst is the easiest and fastest procedure, and no major complications are generally encountered.