HLA-DRA variants predict penicillin allergy in genome-wide fine-mapping genotyping.

Background: Immediate reactions to β-lactams are the most common causes of anaphylactic reactions and can be life-threatening. The few known genetic factors influencing these reactions suggest a link with atopy and inflammation.

Objective: We performed a fine-mapping genome-wide association study of the genetic predictors of β-lactam allergy to better understand the underlying mechanisms.

A topical microemulsion for the prevention of allergic rhinitis symptoms: results of a randomized, controlled, double-blind, parallel group, multicentre, multinational clinical trial (Nares study).

Background: Since barrier protection measures to avoid contact with allergens are being increasingly developed, we assessed the clinical efficacy and tolerability of a topical nasal microemulsion made of glycerol esters in patients with allergic rhinitis.

Methods: Randomized, controlled, double-blind, parallel group, multicentre, multinational clinical trial in which adult patients with allergic rhinitis or rhinoconjunctivitis due to sensitization to birch, grass or olive tree pollens received treatment with topical microemulsion or placebo during the pollen seasons. Efficacy variables included scores in the mini-RQLQ questionnaire, number and severity of nasal, ocular and lung signs and symptoms, need for symptomatic medications and patients' satisfaction with treatment.

Anticonvulsant drug hypersensitivity.

Background: Cutaneous adverse reactions are frequently described with anticonvulsant drugs, especially with aromatic drugs such as carbamazepine, phenytoin, and phenobarbital. Patch tests could be useful for diagnosing this clinical picture. Hypersensitivity to several anticonvulsant drugs is common but unpredictable.