Publications by authors named "Francisco Beraldi Magalhaes"
Is the Pharmacokinetics of First-Line Anti-TB Drugs a Cause of High Mortality Rates in TB Patients Admitted to the ICU? A Non-Compartmental Pharmacokinetic Analysis.
Trop Med Infect Dis
June 2023
Article Synopsis
- - The study examines tuberculosis (TB) patients in intensive care, finding that they have high mortality rates (up to 78%) possibly due to low drug levels in their systems compared to outpatients.
- - Researchers compared the pharmacokinetics (how drugs move through the body) of common TB medications in ICU patients versus outpatients, discovering that ICU patients had lower drug clearance and volume distribution.
- - The lower drug effectiveness in ICU patients may be linked to organ function changes and poor drug absorption, which could contribute to their higher death rates compared to outpatients who had a much higher cure rate (89%).
Background: We aimed to synthesize the evidence on the efficacy and safety of different treatment regimens for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in children and adolescents.
Methods: A systematic review with network meta-analysis was performed (CRD142933). Searches were conducted in Pubmed and Scopus (Nov-2021).
Objectives: This study aimed to develop a piperacillin population PK model for critically ill Brazil-ian patients and describe interethnic variation using an external validation. Methods: Plasma samples were obtained from 24 ICU patients during the fifth day of piperacillin treatment and assayed by HPLC-UV. Population pharmacokinetic modelling was conducted using Pmetrics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To evaluate and update the evidence on the comparative efficacy and safety of antimicrobial drugs regimens for treating pulmonary drug-susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB).
Methods: A systematic review was performed with searches in PubMed and Scopus (PROSPERO-CRD42019141463). We included randomised controlled trials comparing the effect of any antimicrobial regimen lasting at least 2 weeks.
Is Dosing of Ethambutol as Part of a Fixed-Dose Combination Product Optimal for Mechanically Ventilated ICU Patients with Tuberculosis? A Population Pharmacokinetic Study.
Antibiotics (Basel)
December 2021
Article Synopsis
- ICU patients with tuberculosis have different absorption and clearance rates for ethambutol compared to outpatients, leading to significant variations in drug pharmacokinetics.
- A study in Brazil found that ICU patients had a higher absorption rate and bioavailability of ethambutol, but also lower clearance and distribution volumes.
- Neither ICU patients nor outpatients consistently reached the optimal drug levels necessary for effective treatment, indicating a need to adjust dosing regimens.
Objectives: Bacteriological confirmation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is challenging for several reasons: the paucibacillary nature of the sample; scarce resources, mainly in middle and low-income countries; the need for hospitalization; and unfavorable outcomes. We evaluated the diagnostic role of respiratory specimen examination prospectively in a cohort of patients with presumptive EPTB.
Methods: From July 2018 to January 2019, in a tuberculosis (TB)/HIV reference hospital, a cohort of 157 patients with presumed EPTB was evaluated.
Tuberculosis (TB) still causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This disease is hallmarked by persistent oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a glutathione (GSH) precursor, has been shown in experimental models to limit infection and disease both by suppression of the host oxidative response and through direct antimicrobial activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSafety and efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in hospitalized patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis: An open-label, randomized, phase II trial (RIPENACTB Study).
PLoS One
September 2020
Despite the availability of effective antimicrobials, tuberculosis (TB) is still a serious health threat. Mortality is even higher in people living with HIV who are diagnosed with TB. New therapies are needed to shorten the time required to cure TB and decrease fatality rates in this population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this research, we developed and validated a liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS) method for simultaneous quantification of the anti-tuberculosis drugs ethambutol, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and rifampicin in human plasma. Plasma samples spiked with cimetidine (internal standard) were extracted using protein precipitation with acetonitrile containing 1% formic acid. Separation was performed using a C column under flow gradient conditions with water and acetonitrile, both containing 5 mm ammonium formate and 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: To know the profile of adults who died by tuberculosis as the main cause, the time interval between the diagnosis and death, associated comorbidities and vulnerabilities.
Method: Observational study of secondary data regarding deaths by tuberculosis that occurred in the State of Paraná, Brazil, from 2008 to 2015. A linkage between the databases of mortality and tuberculosis notification system was conducted for data enrichment.
Objective: To identify factors predictive of mortality in patients admitted to the ICU with tuberculosis (TB)/HIV coinfection in the Manaus, Amazon Region.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of TB/HIV coinfected patients over 18 years of age who were admitted to an ICU in the city of Manaus, Brazil, between January of 2011 and December of 2014. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory variables were assessed.