Revisiting the history of autism before Kanner and Asperger: a tribute to Grunya Sukhareva.

Almost two decades before Kanner's and Asperger's works, the original paper by child psychiatrist Grunya Efimovna Sukhareva had already been written. It was published in 1926 by Sukhareva in a German scientific journal of psychiatry and neurology, with a detailed description of children who presented clinical conditions whose characteristics and evolution closely resemble autism, according to current criteria. In the present historical note, we intend to present Sukhareva's pioneering work and retrieve the meaning of her original contribution.

Delinquency and association with behavioral disorders and substance abuse.

Objective: to determine the incidence and associations of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), and substance abuse disorder (SAD) in adolescents in conflict with the law in a Brazilian cohort.

Methods: the Brazilian version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged-Children (K-SADS-PL) was administered to 69 adolescent boys who were incarcerated for 45 days in the city of Curitiba, Brazil.

Results: mean age was 15.

Study of auditory evoked potentials in autism.

Background: electrophysiological assessment of hearing in autistic individuals.

Aim: to characterize the findings obtained in the electrophysiological assessments of autistic individuals, as well as to compare these to the results obtained for individuals of the same age who present typical development.

Method: 16 individuals with autism (study group) and 25 normal individuals (control group), ranging in age from eight to 20 years underwent anamnesis, pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, acoustic immitance measures, brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP), middle latency response (MLR) and cognitive potential (P300).