Non-ceruloplasmin copper and urinary copper in clinically stable Wilson disease: Alignment with recommended targets.

Background & Aims: Wilson disease (WD) is caused by accumulation of copper primarily in the liver and brain. During maintenance therapy of WD with D-penicillamine, current guidelines recommend on-treatment ranges of urinary copper excretion (UCE) of 200-500 μg/24 h and serum non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper (NCC) of 50-150 μg/L. We compared NCC (measured by two novel assays) and UCE from patients with clinically stable WD on D-penicillamine therapy with these recommendations.

[Evidence based guidelines. Diagnosis and management of Guillain-Barré syndrome in ten steps].

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare, but potentially fatal, immune-mediated disease of the peripheral nerves and nerve roots that is usually triggered by infections. The incidence of GBS can therefore increase during outbreaks of infectious diseases, as was seen during the Zika virus epidemics in 2013 in French Polynesia and in 2015 in Latin America. Diagnosis and management of GBS can be complicated as its clinical presentation and disease course are heterogeneous, and no international clinical guidelines are currently available.

Diagnosis and treatment of Guillain-Barré syndrome during the Zika virus epidemic in Brazil: A national survey study.

The Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in Brazil in 2015-2016 was followed by an increase in the incidence of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). With this national survey study, we aimed to gain a better understanding of how neurologists in Brazil are currently diagnosing and treating patients with GBS, and how this increase in incidence has impacted the management of the disease. The questionnaire consisted of 52 questions covering: personal profile of the neurologist, practice of managing GBS during and outside of the ZIKV epidemic, and limitations in managing GBS.

Medical and neuropsychiatric phenomena depicted in two Spanish medieval texts of Marian miracles.

In the history of Christianity, veneration of the Virgin Mary reached its greatest intensity in the XIII century. Her perceived impact on daily life was tremendous and not surprisingly this extended to the spheres of disease and healing. The purpose of this study is to compare the medical and neuropsychiatric findings in two XIII century Spanish texts of Marian miracles, both examples of the popular Catholicism (vs.

Immunoglobulin-responsive chikungunya encephalitis: two case reports.

Chikungunya virus is an alphavirus transmitted by the mosquito Aedes, mainly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, that can cause acute illness, mostly self-limited, characterized by fever, maculopapular rash, and disabling polyarthritis/arthralgia, with an incubation period of 1 to 12 days. Chikungunya was largely regarded as a non-fatal and self-limited disease, but recently, serious cases have been reported including some with severe involvement of the nervous system, such as meningoencephalitis, myelitis, polyradiculitis, and polyradiculoneuropathy. In this report, we describe the clinical and laboratory findings of two patients with encephalitis associated with chikungunya in a northeastern city in Brazil, who exhibited a good outcome, with improvement after treatment with i.

Gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit of liquid in awake rats is delayed after acute myocardial infarction.

The outcome of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) on gastrointestinal motor behavior was assessed in awake rats. Under anesthesia, they were submitted to thoracotomy followed or not by occlusion of the left coronary artery. Next day, they were gavage fed (1.

Brainstem involvement in hypertensive encephalopathy: clinical and radiological findings.

Predominant brainstem or cerebellar edema is rare in hypertensive encephalopathy and usually affects patients with secondary hypertension. Despite the severity of the radiologic findings, clinical features of brainstem involvement are uncommon. The authors report the clinical and radiologic features of two patients.

Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, delays gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit of liquid in awake rats.

We studied the effect of sildenafil on gastric emptying (GE) and gastrointestinal (GI) transit in awake rats. After cervical vessel cannulation and 24 hr of fasting, the animals received an intravenous (IV) injection of sildenafil (4 mg/kg) or vehicle. Next they were gavage fed (1.