Content and bioavailability of trace elements and nutrients in grape pomace.

Background: The possible agricultural use of grape pomace could be limited by the content and mobility of metals. This is influenced by many factors. In this study, the abundance and availability of heavy metals and essential nutrients were evaluated comprehensively in different grape pomace residues from winemaking of five white and red grape varieties, before and after the distillation process.

Assessment of metal bioavailability in the vineyard soil-grapevine system using different extraction methods.

This study was focused on the assessment of single and sequential extraction methods to predict the bioavailability of metals in the vineyard soil-grapevine system. The modified BCR sequential extraction method and two single-step extraction methods based on the use of EDTA and acetic acid were applied to differently amended vineyard soils. The variety effect was studied on the uptake of metals by leaves and grapes.