Do specific antimicrobial stewardship interventions have an impact on carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacilli? A multicentre quasi-experimental ecological study: time-trend analysis and characterization of carbapenemases.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB) are among the most threatening microorganisms worldwide and carbapenem use facilitates their spread. Antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs) can help to optimize the use of antibiotics. This study evaluates the impact of a multifaceted educational ASP on carbapenem use and on the epidemiology of CR-GNB.

Antiretroviral therapy partially improves the abnormalities of dendritic cells and lymphoid and myeloid regulatory populations in recently infected HIV patients.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of antiretroviral therapy on plasmacytoid (pDC) and myeloid (mDC) dendritic cells as well as regulatory T (Treg) and myeloid-derived suppressor (MDSC) cells in HIV-infected patients. Forty-five HIV-infected patients (20 of them with detectable HIV load -10 recently infected and 10 chronically infected patients-, at baseline and after antiretroviral therapy, and 25 with undetectable viral loads) and 20 healthy controls were studied. The influence of HIV load, bacterial translocation (measured by 16S rDNA and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein) and immune activation markers (interleukin -IL- 6, soluble CD14, activated T cells) was analyzed.

Differential characteristics of colonization and infection: risk factors, clinical picture, and mortality.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to detect those characteristics that were specifically associated with infection or colonization by , describe the clinical manifestations of those patients in whom the infection was detected in intensive care unit (ICU) or non-ICU wards, and analyze the prognosis-associated factors in patients from whom was isolated.

Patients And Methods: A sample of 122 patients from whom was recovered during an endemic period in a teaching hospital was included. Only those cases in which was recovered as the unique microbe were considered.

[Use of an empirical antiretroviral treatment depends on the primary resistance rate of the human immunodeficiency virus].

Objective: The objective of this study was the analysis of the prevalence and type of primary resistance to antiretroviral drugs in patients diagnosed with HIV infection, and to determine the most appropriate empirical treatment to obtain a virological and immunological response.

Patients And Methods: An observational analysis of patients with a de novo diagnosis of HIV infection during the period 2008-2010. Clinical, immunological and virological characteristics, including genotype analysis of resistance to antiretrovirals, were considered as independent variables.

[Descriptive analysis of diseases associated with Streptococcus bovis bacteremia].

Background And Objective: It is well-known the relationship between Streptococcus bovis (S. bovis) bacteremia and colon cancer, liver cirrhosis and others neoplasms. However, a study protocol to rule out these underlying diseases has not been carried out yet.

[Candidemias: multicentre analysis in 16 hospitals in Andalusia (Spain)].

Introduction: Candidemia is a nosocomial infection with high associated mortality. There have been changes in microbiology, epidemiology and treatment over the last few years, which has led us to analyse our own situation.

Material And Methods: Prospective, multicentre and observational study.