Marketing yourself in social media as a global health organization: lessons to be learned.

Purpose: To evaluate whether X, formerly known as Twitter, is being used effectively to advance the goals of International Volunteers in Urology (IVUmed). How is X activity associated with end-user engagement?

Methods: Monthly analytics of the X account @IVUmed were reviewed between September 2014 and November 2022 using https://analytics.twitter.

Salvage Surgery Rates for Pediatric Testicular Torsion: Comparison of the Pre- and Post-Quality Metric Eras.

Purpose: Pediatric testicular torsion is a urological emergency that requires timely intervention. In 2015, quality metrics for testicular torsion were implemented in the U.S.

Prospective evaluation of radiation dose with conventional fluoroscopic voiding cystourethrogram in pediatric patients.

Introduction: Skin entrance doses for voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) have not been well characterized in the literature. Radiation exposure is measured as either dose area product (DAP) or air kerma, which estimates the effective dose, but does not accurately reflect absorbed dose at skin level.

Objective: The objective of this study was to measure the skin entrance dose during fluoroscopic VCUG study in pediatric patients using single point dosimeters.

A Rare Case of Uterine Torsion With Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor in the Pediatric Patient.

Juvenile granulosa cell tumors of the ovary are rare sex cord-stromal ovarian tumors that are typically diagnosed during the first 2 decades of life. Most patients present with precocious puberty in the early stages of disease. We present a rare case of asymptomatic uterine torsion from a 15-cm juvenile granulosa cell tumors in a 5-year-old girl with elevated inhibin B, breast development, vaginal bleeding, and a palpable right-sided abdominal mass.

Early Bilateral Gonadoblastoma Associated With 45,X/46,XY Mosaicism: The Spectrum of Undifferentiated Gonadal Tissue and Gonadoblastoma in the First Months of Life.

45,X/46,XY mosaicism is one of a heterogenous group of congenital conditions known as differences (disorders) of sex development (DSD) that results in abnormal development of internal and external genitalia. Patients with DSD, particularly those with segments of the Y chromosome, are at increased risk for germ cell tumors including gonadoblastoma. Gonadoblastoma is a neoplasm comprised of a mixture of germ cells and elements resembling immature granulosa or Sertoli cells with or without Leydig cells or lutein-type cells in an ovarian type stroma.

Urologic Phenotype and Patterns of Care in Patients With Megacystis Microcolon Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome Presenting to a Major Pediatric Transplantation Center.

Objective: To describe the phenotype, referral pattern, and trends of urologic management for children with megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients with megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome treated at a large tertiary children's medical center over a 14-year period. Our primary outcomes included the rate of urology referral, urodynamic characteristics of bladder function, and the proportion of patients managed with clean intermittent catheterization.

Pediatric Testicular Hemangioma in a 10-Year-old: A Rare Entity That May Mimic Malignancy With Appraisal of the Literature.

Capillary hemangioma is a rare benign lesion in the testicle, particularly in pediatrics. It can mimic malignancy, leading to radical orchiectomy. We present a case of a testicular hemangioma in a child, and review the literature on testicular hemangiomas in this age group.

Trends in Urologic Indications for Pediatric Renal Transplantation Over a 27-Year-period United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) Database.

Objective: To elucidate the trends in urologic causes for renal transplant in the pediatric population using a national database. Little is known about the specific pediatric urologic conditions and resultant trends that precede renal transplantation.

Material And Methods: We reviewed the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database for pediatric patients (<18 years old) who underwent renal transplantation from January 1988 to September 2015.

Bowel preparation prior to reconstructive urologic surgery in pediatric myelomeningocele patients.

Introduction: Mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) has historically been the standard of care for patients undergoing reconstructive urologic surgery, including urinary diversion. To date, several studies have examined the role of mechanical bowel preparation in postoperative outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing augmentation cystoplasty. However, these patient populations have been heterogeneous in nature, with no studies dedicated to examining the role of MBP prior to reconstructive urologic surgery in pediatric patients with myelomenginoceles.

Optimal Length of Follow-up for the Detection of Unsuccessful Pediatric Pyeloplasty: A Single-Center Experience.

Objectives: To assess the optimal length of follow-up for patients undergoing both open and minimally invasive pyeloplasties to ensure prompt detection of a recurrent obstruction. There are no standard guidelines on ideal follow-up and imaging post-pediatric pyeloplasty currently.

Methods: A retrospective chart review identified 264 patients (<18 years old) who underwent pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction between April 2002 and December 2014.

Female-to-male sex reversal associated with unique Xp21.2 deletion disrupting genomic regulatory architecture of the dosage-sensitive sex reversal region.

Background: The XX male disorder of sex development (DSD) is a rare condition that is most commonly associated with the presence of the gene on one of the X chromosomes due to unequal crossing-over between sex chromosomes during spermatogenesis. However, in about 20% of the XX male individuals, is missing, although these persons have at least some testis differentiation. The genetic basis of genital ambiguity and the mechanisms triggering testis development in such patients remain unknown.

Congenital Aphallia: Novel Use of Acellular Dermal Matrix During Scrotal Flap Phalloplasty.

Phallic reconstruction is an important part of management for congenital aphallia. Scrotal flap phalloplasty has been described in pediatric patients to create the appearance of a nonfunctioning phallus. We describe a modified scrotal flap technique with the addition of an acellular dermal matrix patch (AlloDerm) to provide additional girth and support to the phallus.

Perspectives on International Urological Volunteerism: A Survey of IVUmed Resident Scholar Alumni.

Introduction: The primary intentions of international surgical programs are to directly benefit those receiving medical care, educate local physicians and staff, and improve care delivery models. IVUmed, a nonprofit organization dedicated to providing urological care to resource poor areas of the world, provides scholarship opportunities for urology trainees. We assessed the motivations and barriers of IVUmed traveling resident scholars regarding continuing international surgical work after completion of the program.

Percutaneous Stone Surgery in Spina Bifida Patients--Are Stone-Free Rates Worth the Risk?

Purpose: Percutaneous stone surgery can be challenging in spina bifida (SB) patients due to their body habitus and spinal cord anomalies. A safe surgical approach may necessitate acceptance of lower stone-free (SF) rates. We seek to determine if anatomic complexity, as measured by spinal cord curvature and torso length, is associated with SF rates after percutaneous stone surgery in SB patients.

Surgical Complications Following Early Genitourinary Reconstructive Surgery for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia-Interim Analysis at 6 Years.

Objective: To review the intermediate- to long-term surgical complications following feminizing reconstructive surgery for patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) at a single tertiary center. Genitourinary reconstructive surgery is pivotal to favorable cosmetic and functional outcomes for patients with CAH.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective review identifying 26 patients from April 2003 to April 2015 who underwent genitourinary reconstructive surgeries.

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation of the Foot: Results of a Novel At-home, Noninvasive Treatment for Nocturnal Enuresis in Children.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a novel at-home approach to electrical foot stimulation of peripheral tibial nerve branches on the frequency of nocturnal enuresis episodes in children.

Materials And Methods: Children aged 5 to 18 having 2 or more bedwetting episodes per week for at least 3 consecutive months were eligible. The study was a total of 6 weeks.

Familial deletion of the HOXA gene cluster associated with Hand-Foot-Genital syndrome and phenotypic variability.

Hand-Foot-Genital syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by distal limb anomalies and urogenital malformations. This disorder is associated with loss-of-function mutations in the HOXA13 gene. HOXA13 plays an important role in the development of distal limbs and lower genitourinary tract of the fetus.

Predicting Spontaneous Stone Passage in Prepubertal Children: A Single Institution Cohort.

Introduction: No method currently exists for predicting which young child with a renal or ureteral stone will require surgery as opposed to pass the stone. Our goals were to analyze practice patterns at a major pediatric center and to identify factors that predicted spontaneous stone passage.

Method: A retrospective review of all prepubertal patients (≤ 11 years) presenting to our institution from January 2005 to July 2014 with symptomatic nephrolithiasis was performed.

Clinical and Radiological Risk Factors Predicting Open Surgical Repair in Pediatric Patients With Dilating Vesicoureteral Reflux.

Objective: To study the individual patient-related risk factors in those undergoing open corrective vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) surgery in a contemporary series. The management of VUR remains controversial, and the indications for open surgery has evolved from that of surgeon and patient preference to criteria involving breakthrough urinary tract infections and grade of VUR.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was performed, and patients undergoing open surgical repair for dilating VUR (grade III-V) from 2005 to 2014 were included.

24-Hour Urinary Parameters in Overweight and Obese Children with Urolithiasis.

Purpose: The increasing incidence of pediatric nephrolithiasis is a growing concern and its association with obesity continues to be an area of debate. We present data on urine chemistries of overweight/obese children compared to those with a normal body mass index and history of urolithiasis treated at a single institution in the United States, and assess risk factors.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively identified 110 stone forming patients who underwent 24-hour urine collection and stratified them according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions of overweight/obese (body mass index above 85th/95th percentile).

Evolving Mechanisms of Injury and Management of Pediatric Blunt Renal Trauma--20 Years of Experience.

Objective: To review 20 years of a prospectively maintained trauma database to identify changing trends in mechanisms of renal injury, demographics, and management outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Following the approval from the institutional review board, a prospectively maintained trauma database was reviewed for renal trauma patient demographics, management, and mechanisms of injury. Data were reviewed first for the entire cohort and then incrementally to identify mechanisms of injury associated with increasing frequency or grade of injury.

Outcomes of Ureteroscopic Management of Pediatric Urolithiasis: A Comparative Analysis of Prepubertal and Adolescent Patients.

Objective: To compare the outcomes of ureteroscopic intervention in terms of both the stone-free rate and complications in both prepubertal and adolescent patients. Although safety of pediatric ureteroscopic intervention is well established, a comparative outcome of prepubertal and adolescent patients is lacking.

Materials And Methods: Pediatric patients who underwent ureteroscopic treatment of a renal or ureteral stone at our institution from July 2005 to August 2014 were retrospectively identified.

The Role of Prophylactic Antibiotics After Minimally Invasive Pyeloplasty With Ureteral Stent Placement in Children.

Objective: To determine whether children discharged with prophylactic antibiotics following laparoscopic pyeloplasty with indwelling ureteral stent have a decrease risk of postoperative urinary tract infections (UTIs) compared to those discharged without antibiotics.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of all minimally invasive pyeloplasties performed at our institution from January 2009 to March 2015 was conducted. Patients were discharged home with or without daily prophylactic-dose antibiotics continued until 3 days after ureteral stent removal per surgeon preference.