A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Examining Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation in Children With Bilateral Cochlear Nerve Deficiency.

Objective: To assess hearing and speech outcomes in pediatric patients with bilateral cochlear nerve deficiency (CND) who underwent cochlear implantation (CI) and to identify factors associated with improved outcomes.

Databases Reviewed: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochran databases were searched following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Methods: Studies that reported hearing and speech outcomes of pediatric patients with bilateral CND who underwent CI were included.

Autonomous Robotic Systems in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

Robotic surgery is a growing field with increasing applications to patient care. With the rising use of artificial intelligence (AI), a new frontier emerges, allowing semiautonomous robotics. This article reviews the origins of robotic surgery and subsequent trials of automaticity in all fields.

A Label-Efficient Framework for Automated Sinonasal CT Segmentation in Image-Guided Surgery.

Objective: Segmentation, the partitioning of patient imaging into multiple, labeled segments, has several potential clinical benefits but when performed manually is tedious and resource intensive. Automated deep learning (DL)-based segmentation methods can streamline the process. The objective of this study was to evaluate a label-efficient DL pipeline that requires only a small number of annotated scans for semantic segmentation of sinonasal structures in CT scans.

SVPath: A Deep Learning Tool for Analysis of Stria Vascularis from Histology Slides.

Introduction: The stria vascularis (SV) may have a significant role in various otologic pathologies. Currently, researchers manually segment and analyze the stria vascularis to measure structural atrophy. Our group developed a tool, SVPath, that uses deep learning to extract and analyze the stria vascularis and its associated capillary bed from whole temporal bone histopathology slides (TBS).

A Deep Learning Framework for Analysis of the Eustachian Tube and the Internal Carotid Artery.

Objective: Obtaining automated, objective 3-dimensional (3D) models of the Eustachian tube (ET) and the internal carotid artery (ICA) from computed tomography (CT) scans could provide useful navigational and diagnostic information for ET pathologies and interventions. We aim to develop a deep learning (DL) pipeline to automatically segment the ET and ICA and use these segmentations to compute distances between these structures.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort.

Cochlear Implant Electrode Array Design and Speech Understanding.

Objective: Cochlear implant electrode arrays are categorized based on their design as lateral wall (LW) and perimodiolar (PM) electrode arrays. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of LW versus PM designs on postoperative speech perception across multiple manufacturers and over long follow-up durations.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Longitudinal Performance of Cochlear Implants in Neurofibromatosis Type 2.

Objective: Cochlear implants (CIs) are a well-established treatment modality for hearing loss due to neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Our aim is to investigate variables that affect longitudinal performance of CIs among patients with NF2.

Study Design: Retrospective review at a single academic institution consisting of patients who have received cochlear implants following hearing loss due to NF2.

Fully immersive virtual reality for skull-base surgery: surgical training and beyond.

Purpose: A virtual reality (VR) system, where surgeons can practice procedures on virtual anatomies, is a scalable and cost-effective alternative to cadaveric training. The fully digitized virtual surgeries can also be used to assess the surgeon's skills using measurements that are otherwise hard to collect in reality. Thus, we present the Fully Immersive Virtual Reality System (FIVRS) for skull-base surgery, which combines surgical simulation software with a high-fidelity hardware setup.

TAToo: vision-based joint tracking of anatomy and tool for skull-base surgery.

Purpose: Tracking the 3D motion of the surgical tool and the patient anatomy is a fundamental requirement for computer-assisted skull-base surgery. The estimated motion can be used both for intra-operative guidance and for downstream skill analysis. Recovering such motion solely from surgical videos is desirable, as it is compliant with current clinical workflows and instrumentation.

Cochlear Implant Revisions Over Three Decades of Experience.

Importance: The indications, technology, and surgical technique for cochlear implantation have evolved over the last three decades. Understanding the risk of cochlear implant revision (CIR) is important for patient counseling.

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the rates, indications, and audiologic outcomes for CIR over three decades of experience at a single academic medical center.

A force-sensing surgical drill for real-time force feedback in robotic mastoidectomy.

Purpose: Robotic assistance in otologic surgery can reduce the task load of operating surgeons during the removal of bone around the critical structures in the lateral skull base. However, safe deployment into the anatomical passageways necessitates the development of advanced sensing capabilities to actively limit the interaction forces between the surgical tools and critical anatomy.

Methods: We introduce a surgical drill equipped with a force sensor that is capable of measuring accurate tool-tissue interaction forces to enable force control and feedback to surgeons.

Twin-S: a digital twin for skull base surgery.

Purpose: Digital twins are virtual replicas of real-world objects and processes, and they have potential applications in the field of surgical procedures, such as enhancing situational awareness. We introduce Twin-S, a digital twin framework designed specifically for skull base surgeries.

Methods: Twin-S is a novel framework that combines high-precision optical tracking and real-time simulation, making it possible to integrate it into image-guided interventions.

Outcomes after revision of Advanced Bionics Clarion 1.2 cochlear implants.

Introduction: Cochlear implant reimplantation (CIR) for external processor upgrade or device failure is becoming increasingly common as the population of cochlear implant recipients ages. Patients with Advanced Bionics (AB) Clarion 1.2 cochlear implants may undergo CIR for device age/failure or desired technology upgrade so that they may use newer external processors that have improved connectivity features.

Trends in Timing and Provision of Pediatric Cochlear Implant Care During COVID-19.

Objectives: To identify trends in timing of pediatric cochlear implant (CI) care during COVID-19.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort.

Setting: Tertiary care center.

A Self-Configuring Deep Learning Network for Segmentation of Temporal Bone Anatomy in Cone-Beam CT Imaging.

Objective: Preoperative planning for otologic or neurotologic procedures often requires manual segmentation of relevant structures, which can be tedious and time-consuming. Automated methods for segmenting multiple geometrically complex structures can not only streamline preoperative planning but also augment minimally invasive and/or robot-assisted procedures in this space. This study evaluates a state-of-the-art deep learning pipeline for semantic segmentation of temporal bone anatomy.

Augmented Reality in Otology/Neurotology: A Scoping Review with Implications for Practice and Education.

Objective: To determine how augmented reality (AR) has been applied to the field of otology/neurotology, examine trends and gaps in research, and provide an assessment of the future potential of this technology within surgical practice and education.

Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were assessed from their inceptions through October 2022. A manual bibliography search was also conducted.

Resection of Condylar Skull Base Tumor via Combined Far Lateral and Infrajugular Approaches with Single-Stage Occipitocervical Fusion.

Epithelioid hemangioma is a rare vascular mesenchymal tumor with a paucity of reports of cranial involvement. In particular, guidance on treatment for lateral skull base lesions is lacking, despite this being a highly technically challenging location. Nuances in the management decisions for this tumor type are discussed.

Are Speech Perception Scores in Cochlear Implant Recipients Consistent Across Different Tests?

Objective: Cochlear implant (CI) candidacy and postoperative outcomes are assessed using sets of speech perception tests that vary from center to center, limiting comparisons across institutions and time periods. The objective of this study was to determine if scores on one speech perception test could be reliably predicted from scores on another test.

Study Design: Arizona Biomedical (AzBio) Sentence Test, Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant word (CNCw), and Hearing in Noise Test (HINT) scores in quiet for the implanted ear were collected for individuals who received a CI between 1985 and 2019.

The Evolution and Application of Artificial Intelligence in Rhinology: A State of the Art Review.

Objective: To provide a comprehensive overview on the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in rhinology, highlight its limitations, and propose strategies for its integration into surgical practice.

Data Sources: Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, Ei Compendex, IEEE, and Web of Science.

Review Methods: English studies from inception until January 2022 and those focusing on any application of AI in rhinology were included.

Statistical Shape Model of the Temporal Bone Using Segmentation Propagation.

Hypothesis: Automated image registration techniques can successfully determine anatomical variation in human temporal bones with statistical shape modeling.

Background: There is a lack of knowledge about inter-patient anatomical variation in the temporal bone. Statistical shape models (SSMs) provide a powerful method for quantifying variation of anatomical structures in medical images but are time-intensive to manually develop.

Do Attending and Trainee Surgeons Agree on What Happens in the Operating Room During Septoplasty?

Surgeons must select cases whose complexity aligns with their skill set. To determine how accurately trainees report involvement in procedures, judge case complexity, and assess their own skills. We recruited attendings and trainees from two otolaryngology departments.

Public perceptions of radiofrequency ablation versus standard surgery for benign thyroid nodules.

Background: Ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation has shown promising results for nonsurgical treatment of benign thyroid nodules. The purpose of this study is to investigate public perceptions of radiofrequency ablation and identify salient decision factors for benign thyroid nodules treatment.

Methods: An internet-based survey was distributed via an online platform.

Understanding Public Perceptions Regarding Cochlear Implant Surgery in Adults.

Background And Objective: Approximately 6% of adults eligible for cochlear implantation (CI) undergo surgery. This study aims to understand how general perceptions about CI contribute to barriers causing this low utilization rate.

Methods: Participants completed an online survey regarding their perceptions about cochlear implantation.

Automated Extraction of Anatomical Measurements From Temporal Bone CT Imaging.

Objective: Proposed methods of minimally invasive and robot-assisted procedures within the temporal bone require measurements of surgically relevant distances and angles, which often require time-consuming manual segmentation of preoperative imaging. This study aims to describe an automatic segmentation and measurement extraction pipeline of temporal bone cone-beam computed tomography (CT) scans.

Study Design: Descriptive study of temporal bone measurements.

Sensorineural Hearing Loss After Teprotumumab Therapy for Thyroid Eye Disease: A Case Report.

Background And Objective: Teprotumumab is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R). It has been approved by the FDA to treat thyroid eye disease (TED) by reducing extraocular muscle and orbital fat volume. In clinical trials, hearing loss was noted as a side effect in 7 to 12% of patients, but no formal audiometric investigations of these patients were reported.