In vivo study of apical cleaning.

This study sought to evaluate the efficiency with which debris is removed in the clinical environment by evaluating 53 teeth that had undergone in vivo root canal therapy and were extracted for various reasons, including fractures, pain, caries, and financial considerations. The teeth were cross-sectioned 1.0 mm from the apical constriction and 120 canals were evaluated for residual debris based on photographs taken at a magnification of 50x.