Conservation benefits of a large marine protected area network that spans multiple ecosystems.

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely implemented tools for long-term ocean conservation and resource management. Assessments of MPA performance have largely focused on specific ecosystems individually and have rarely evaluated performance across multiple ecosystems either in an individual MPA or across an MPA network. We evaluated the conservation performance of 59 MPAs in California's large MPA network, which encompasses 4 primary ecosystems (surf zone, kelp forest, shallow reef, deep reef) and 4 bioregions, and identified MPA attributes that best explain performance.

A feasibility trial of an early childhood, violence prevention, parenting program integrated into early childhood educational provision in Jamaica: A study protocol.

Violence against children is a global public health issue that can lead to long-lasting negative consequences for child outcomes. The Irie Homes Toolbox (IHT) is an early childhood, violence prevention, parenting program designed for integration into early childhood educational services in Jamaica. We have previously shown that the program is effective in reducing child maltreatment when implemented by the research team.

Hypotension prediction index for minimising intraoperative hypotension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Background And Aims: Reports on the utility of the hypotension prediction index (HPI) in reducing the occurrence of intraoperative hypotension are conflicting. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was to evaluate the overall effect of using HPI on intraoperative hypotension outcomes of time-weighted average (TWA), area under the hypotension threshold (AUHT), incidence and duration of hypotension.

Methods: We searched the electronic databases of PubMed, ProQuest and Scopus from inception till 30 October 2023.

Antitubercular potential and pH-driven mode of action of salicylic acid derivatives.

In the search for new antituberculosis drugs with novel mechanisms of action, we evaluated the antimycobacterial activity of a panel of eight phenolic acids against four pathogenic mycobacterial model species, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We demonstrated that salicylic acid (SA), as well as the iodinated derivatives 5-iodo-salicylic acid (5ISA) and 3,5-diiodo-salicylic acid (3,5diISA), displayed promising antitubercular activities. Remarkably, using a genetically encoded mycobacterial intrabacterial pH reporter, we describe for the first time that SA, 5ISA, 3,5diISA, and the anti-inflammatory drug aspirin (ASP) act by disrupting the intrabacterial pH homeostasis of M.

Understanding the social networks that contribute to diversion in hospital inpatient pharmacies: A social network analysis.

Background: Controlled substances (CS) are 'diverted' (stolen) from healthcare facilities via many integrated and diverse mechanisms due to a lack of safeguards. There remains a gap in understanding how healthcare workers (HCWs) leverage their social networks (e.g.

Multidimensional profiling of human T cells reveals high CD38 expression, marking recent thymic emigrants and age-related naive T cell remodeling.

Thymic involution is a key factor in human immune aging, leading to reduced thymic output and a decline in recent thymic emigrant (RTE) naive T cells in circulation. Currently, the precise definition of human RTEs and their corresponding cell surface markers lacks clarity. Analysis of single-cell RNA-seq/ATAC-seq data distinguished RTEs by the expression of SOX4, IKZF2, and TOX and CD38 protein, whereby surface CD38 expression universally identified CD8 and CD4 RTEs.

Exploring the use of social network analysis methods in process improvement within healthcare organizations: a scoping review.

Background: Communication breakdowns among healthcare providers have been identified as a significant cause of preventable adverse events, including harm to patients. A large proportion of studies investigating communication in healthcare organizations lack the necessary understanding of social networks to make meaningful improvements. Process Improvement in healthcare (systematic approach of identifying, analyzing, and enhancing workflows) is needed to improve quality and patient safety.

Cohort profile: The Aboriginal Families Study - a prospective cohort of Aboriginal children and their mothers and caregivers in South Australia.

Purpose: The Aboriginal Families Study is a prospective, intergenerational cohort study with well-established Aboriginal governance arrangements and community partnerships to support all research processes including data collection, interpretation and knowledge translation.

Participants: 344 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children born in South Australia between July 2011 and June 2013 and their mothers and other primary caregivers. Two waves of survey data collection have been undertaken: early in the first year postpartum and when the study children were aged 5-8 years.

Genome-scale clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats screen identifies nucleotide metabolism as an actionable therapeutic vulnerability in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common malignancy that develops in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia, a cancer-predisposing inherited syndrome characterized by inactivating germline ATM mutations. ATM is also frequently mutated in sporadic DLBCL. To investigate lymphomagenic mechanisms and lymphoma-specific dependencies underlying defective ATM, we applied RNA sequencing and genome-scale loss-of-function clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 screens to systematically interrogate B-cell lymphomas arising in a novel murine model (Atm-/-nu-/-) with constitutional Atm loss, thymic aplasia but residual T-cell populations.

The TransFORmation of IndiGEnous PrimAry HEAlthcare Delivery (FORGE AHEAD): economic analysis.

Background: Indigenous populations have increased risk of developing diabetes and experience poorer treatment outcomes than the general population. The FORGE AHEAD program partnered with First Nations communities across Canada to improve access to resources by developing community-driven primary healthcare models.

Methods: This was an economic assessment of FORGE AHEAD using a payer perspective.

Comparative Evaluation of Luting Efficacy Between a Dual-Cure and Light-Cure Resin Cement on Its Application on Root Surface Indirect Restorations: An In Vitro Study.

Aim The aim is to evaluate the degree of dye penetration between a dual-cure and conventional resin cement on its application on the root surface indirect restorations to provide a reference for clinical choice. Materials and methods Ten freshly extracted human maxillary central anteriors were selected and randomly divided into two groups of five each. Teeth were prepared for veneer restoration, and veneers were luted using two groups of cements Calibra veneer cement and Fusion Ultra D/C cement.

The EvalUation of goal-diRected activities to prOmote well-beIng and heAlth (EUROIA) scale: Psychometric evaluation with Confirmatory Factor Analysis.

Objectives: While state-based models of health-related quality of life (HRQL) are well-established in providing clinically relevant descriptions of HRQL status, they do not provide information on how to maintain or improve HRQL. The EvalUation of goal-diRected activities to prOmote well-beIng and heAlth (EUROIA), rooted in a novel process-based model of HRQL, measures goal-directed activities that are self-reported to promote HRQL as part of an individual's process of adapting to dynamic changes in health status. Our objectives were to condense and summarize the psychometric properties of the EUROIA by (i) defining and confirming its factor structure, (ii) evaluating its construct validity, and (iii) examining its internal consistency.

The effect of protein or amino acid provision on immobilization-induced muscle atrophy in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Bed rest and limb immobilization are models of muscle disuse associated with skeletal muscle atrophy and reduced strength. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the impact of protein or amino acid provision before and/or during a period of muscle disuse on muscle atrophy (primary outcome), strength and muscle protein synthesis (secondary outcomes) following a disuse period. We performed a systematic review of Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, PubMed and Clinical Trials in December 2022.

Cardiac Involvement in Neurosarcoidosis: A Single-Center Investigation.

Background And Objectives: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory granulomatous disease. Among systemic sarcoidosis manifestations, cardiac or nervous system involvement can result in significant morbidity and mortality. We describe the overlapping incidence of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) within a neurosarcoidosis (NS) cohort and determine the frequency of other nonsarcoid cardiac diseases in these patients.

Phytochemical composition, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic effects of Cav. leaves: and assessments.

The aim of this study was to screen the chemical components of leaves and assess their therapeutic attributes with regard to their antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic activities. The antidiabetic effects were explored to determine the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of the leaf extract. To identify the active antidiabetic drugs from the extracts, the GC-MS-screened molecules were docked with diabetes-related proteins using the glide module in the Schrodinger Tool.

Nucleus accumbens local circuit for cue-dependent aversive learning.

Response to threatening environmental stimuli requires detection and encoding of important environmental features that dictate threat. Aversive events are highly salient, which promotes associative learning about stimuli that signal this threat. The nucleus accumbens is uniquely positioned to process this salient, aversive information and promote motivated output, through plasticity on the major projection neurons in the brain area.

The psychophysiology of Mastermind: Characterizing response times and blinking in a high-stakes television game show.

Television game shows have proven to be a valuable resource for studying human behavior under conditions of high stress and high stakes. However, previous work has focused mostly on choices-ignoring much of the rich visual information that is available on screen. Here, we take a first step to extracting more of this information by investigating the response times and blinking of contestants in the BBC show Mastermind.

The metabolic effects of intermittent versus continuous feeding in critically ill patients.

Intermittent (or bolus) feeding regimens in critically ill patients have been of increasing interest to clinicians and scientists. Changes in amino acid, fat and carbohydrate metabolites over time might yet deliver other benefits (e.g.

Role of dopamine D1 receptor in the modulation of memory consolidation by passive and self-administered heroin and associated conditioned stimuli.

It has been proposed that opiates modulate memory consolidation, but recent work has indicated that this effect may be mediated by how the drug is experienced (i.e., passive injections vs.

Emotionally clocked out: cell-type specific regulation of mood and anxiety by the circadian clock system in the brain.

Circadian rhythms are self-sustained oscillations of biological systems that allow an organism to anticipate periodic changes in the environment and optimally align feeding, sleep, wakefulness, and the physiological and biochemical processes that support them within the 24 h cycle. These rhythms are generated at a cellular level by a set of genes, known as clock genes, which code for proteins that inhibit their own transcription in a negative feedback loop and can be perturbed by stress, a risk factor for the development of mood and anxiety disorders. A role for circadian clocks in mood and anxiety has been suggested for decades on the basis of clinical observations, and the dysregulation of circadian rhythms is a prominent clinical feature of stress-related disorders.

A marine protected area network does not confer community structure resilience to a marine heatwave across coastal ecosystems.

Marine protected areas (MPAs) have gained attention as a conservation tool for enhancing ecosystem resilience to climate change. However, empirical evidence explicitly linking MPAs to enhanced ecological resilience is limited and mixed. To better understand whether MPAs can buffer climate impacts, we tested the resistance and recovery of marine communities to the 2014-2016 Northeast Pacific heatwave in the largest scientifically designed MPA network in the world off the coast of California, United States.