Publications by authors named "Francis I Baffour"

Spectral localizer images from photon-counting detector (PCD) CT can be used for bone mineral density (BMD) evaluation given their 2D-projectional nature and material decomposition capability. As all CT examinations include localizer images, this approach could allow opportunistic osteoporosis screening in patients undergoing clinically indicated imaging by PCD CT. To assess the utility of PCD-CT spectral localizer images for opportunistic derivation of area BMD (aBMD) values and T-scores, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the reference standard.

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The term monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS) refers to a group of symptomatic monoclonal gammopathies that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for malignant plasma cell disorders, such as multiple myeloma or Waldenström macroglobulinemia. These symptoms are attributable to the paraneoplastic effects of monoclonal immunoglobulins that occur through diverse mechanisms. The presence of symptoms distinguishes MGCS from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, which lacks significant symptomatic presentation.

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Objective: To determine the accuracy of photon-counting-detector CT (PCD-CT) at deriving bone morphometric indices and demonstrate utility in vivo in the distal radius.

Methods: Ten cadaver wrists were scanned using PCD-CT and high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HRpQCT). Correlation between PCD-CT and HRpQCT morphometric indices was determined.

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Background: Dual-energy CT (DECT) is a non-invasive way to determine the presence of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the workup of gout. Color-coding distinguishes MSU from calcium following material decomposition and post-processing. Most software labels MSU as green and calcium as blue.

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Article Synopsis
  • A study developed a deep learning model using whole-body low-dose CT scans to predict cytogenetic abnormalities in multiple myeloma patients, which are crucial for determining risk levels.
  • The data included 151 patients and was analyzed based on specific genetic markers, showing the model performed best for certain abnormalities, with survival rates indicating the effectiveness of the predictions.
  • The results suggest that this deep learning model can accurately classify cytogenetic abnormalities, offering a promising tool for risk stratification in multiple myeloma management.
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Photon-counting CT (PCCT) is an emerging advanced CT technology that differs from conventional CT in its ability to directly convert incident x-ray photon energies into electrical signals. The detector design also permits substantial improvements in spatial resolution and radiation dose efficiency and allows for concurrent high-pitch and high-temporal-resolution multienergy imaging. This review summarizes key differences in PCCT image acquisition and image reconstruction compared with conventional CT; early evidence for the clinical benefit of PCCT for high-spatial-resolution diagnostic tasks in thoracic imaging, such as assessment of airway and parenchymal diseases, as well as benefits of high-pitch and multienergy scanning; anticipated radiation dose reduction, depending on the diagnostic task, and increased utility for routine low-dose thoracic CT imaging; adaptations for thoracic imaging in children; potential for further quantitation of thoracic diseases; and limitations and trade-offs.

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Article Synopsis
  • Dual-energy CT (DECT) is used to non-invasively detect monosodium urate crystals in gout, and an automated deep-learning (DL) tool was developed to improve detection efficiency.
  • A study comparing readings with and without the DL tool showed that it significantly reduced reading time for trainee radiologists but not for experienced ones, while confidence levels remained the same for both groups.
  • The DL tool also helped identify small MSU deposits and changed diagnoses positively in a few cases, ultimately suggesting it can enhance diagnostic accuracy for less experienced readers.
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Objectives: To describe the feasibility and evaluate the performance of multiphasic photon-counting detector (PCD) CT for detecting breast cancer and nodal metastases with correlative dynamic breast MRI and digital mammography as the reference standard.

Methods: Adult females with biopsy-proven breast cancer undergoing staging breast MRI were prospectively recruited to undergo a multiphasic PCD-CT using a 3-phase protocol: a non-contrast ultra-high-resolution (UHR) scan and 2 intravenous contrast-enhanced scans with 50 and 180 s delay. Three breast radiologists compared CT characteristics of the index malignancy, regional lymphadenopathy, and extramammary findings to MRI.

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CT is one of the most widely used modalities for musculoskeletal imaging. Recent advancements in the field include the introduction of four-dimensional CT, which captures a CT image during motion; cone-beam CT, which uses flat-panel detectors to capture the lower extremities in weight-bearing mode; and dual-energy CT, which operates at two different x-ray potentials to improve the contrast resolution to facilitate the assessment of tissue material compositions such as tophaceous gout deposits and bone marrow edema. Most recently, photon-counting CT (PCCT) has been introduced.

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In recent years, deep learning (DL) has shown impressive performance in radiologic image analysis. However, for a DL model to be useful in a real-world setting, its confidence in a prediction must also be known. Each DL model's output has an estimated probability, and these estimated probabilities are not always reliable.

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Purpose: Determine incidence of shoulder arthroplasty complications identified on computed tomography (CT).

Materials And Methods: Retrospective institutional database review of patients with shoulder arthroplasties who underwent CT between 01/2006-11/2021 at a tertiary academic referral center with subspecialized orthopedic shoulder surgeons. CT reports were reviewed for arthroplasty type and complication.

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Article Synopsis
  • * The classic symptoms include muscle pain, weakness, and dark urine, but only occur in about 10% of cases, making imaging important for assessing muscle damage and potential complications.
  • * Imaging techniques like MRI, CT, ultrasound, and 18-FDG PET/CT are crucial for evaluating the severity of rhabdomyolysis and detecting related issues such as myonecrosis, muscular atrophy, or other injuries, especially in trauma situations.
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Photon-counting detector (PCD) CT is an emerging technology that has led to continued innovation and progress in diagnostic imaging after it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for clinical use in September 2021.

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The X-ray detector is a fundamental component of a CT system that determines the image quality and dose efficiency. Until the approval of the first clinical photon-counting-detector (PCD) system in 2021, all clinical CT scanners used scintillating detectors, which do not capture information about individual photons in the two-step detection process. In contrast, PCDs use a one-step process whereby X-ray energy is converted directly into an electrical signal.

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Objective: The feasibility of low-dose photon-counting detector (PCD) CT to measure alpha and acetabular version angles of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).

Material And Methods: FAI patients undergoing an energy-integrating detector (EID) CT underwent an IRB-approved prospective ultra-high-resolution (UHR) PCD-CT between 5/2021 and 12/2021. PCD-CT was dose-matched to the EID-CT or acquired at 50% dose.

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Photon-counting detector (PCD) CT has emerged as a novel imaging modality that represents a fundamental shift in the way that CT systems detect x-rays. After pre-clinical and clinical investigations showed benefits of PCD CT for a range of imaging tasks, the U.S.

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Background Photon-counting detector (PCD) CT and deep learning noise reduction may improve spatial resolution at lower radiation doses compared with energy-integrating detector (EID) CT. Purpose To demonstrate the diagnostic impact of improved spatial resolution in whole-body low-dose CT scans for viewing multiple myeloma by using PCD CT with deep learning denoising compared with conventional EID CT. Materials and Methods Between April and July 2021, adult participants who underwent a whole-body EID CT scan were prospectively enrolled and scanned with a PCD CT system in ultra-high-resolution mode at matched radiation dose (8 mSv for an average adult) at an academic medical center.

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Background: Dual-energy CT with virtual noncalcium (VNCa) images allows the evaluation of focal intramedullary bone marrow involvement in patients with multiple myeloma. However, current commercial VNCa techniques suffer from excessive image noise and artifacts due to material decomposition used in synthesizing VNCa images.

Objectives: In this work, we aim to improve VNCa image quality for the assessment of focal multiple myeloma, using an Artificial intelligence based Generalizable Algorithm for mulTi-Energy CT (AGATE) method.

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Background: Whole-body low-dose CT is the recommended initial imaging modality to evaluate bone destruction as a result of multiple myeloma. Accurate interpretation of these scans to detect small lytic bone lesions is time intensive. A functional deep learning) algorithm to detect lytic lesions on CTs could improve the value of these CTs for myeloma imaging.

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This review illustrates the multimodality assessment of transfascial muscle and other soft tissue herniations of the extremities. Transfascial herniations of the extremities can develop from congenital or acquired disruptions of the deep fascia, resulting in herniation of the underlying muscle, nerve, or soft tissue tumor into the subcutaneous tissues. While most patients present with a painless subcutaneous nodule that may change in size with muscle activation, some may experience focal or diffuse extremity symptoms such as pain and paresthesias.

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Objective: To evaluate ultra-high-resolution (UHR) imaging of large joints using an investigational photon-counting detector (PCD) CT.

Materials And Methods: Patients undergoing clinical shoulder or pelvis energy-integrating-detector (EID) CT exam were scanned using the UHR mode of the PCD-CT system. Axial EID-CT images (1-mm sections) and PCD-CT images (0.

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Dual-energy CT (DECT) allows noninvasive detection of monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposits and has become incorporated into the routine clinical evaluation for gout at many institutions over the past decade. The purpose of this study was to compare two time periods over the past decade in terms of radiologists' interpretations of DECT examinations performed for the evaluation of gout and subsequent clinical actions. This retrospective study included 100 consecutive adult patients who underwent DECT to evaluate for gout in each of two periods (one beginning in March 2013 and one beginning in September 2019).

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Objective: To determine the accuracy of preoperative ultrasound and MRI in surgically confirmed spinal accessory nerve injuries and present the benefits of a multimodality image review.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of 38 consecutive patients referred to a peripheral nerve surgical practice at an academic teaching hospital with surgically confirmed spinal accessory nerve injuries. All cases were reviewed for patient demographics, date and cause of injury, preoperative EMG, and surgical diagnosis and management.

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