Needles, Jabs and Jags: a qualitative exploration of barriers and facilitators to child and adult immunisation uptake among Gypsies, Travellers and Roma.

Background: Gypsies, Travellers and Roma (referred to as Travellers) are less likely to access health services including immunisation. To improve immunisation rates, it is necessary to understand what helps and hinders individuals in these communities in taking up immunisations. This study had two aims.

UNderstanding uptake of Immunisations in TravellIng aNd Gypsy communities (UNITING): a qualitative interview study.

Background: Gypsies, Travellers and Roma (referred to as Travellers) are less likely to access health services, including immunisation. To improve immunisation rates, we need to understand what helps and hinders individuals in these communities in taking up immunisations.

Aims: (1) Investigate the barriers to and facilitators of acceptability and uptake of immunisations among six Traveller communities across four UK cities; and (2) identify possible interventions to increase uptake of immunisations in these Traveller communities that could be tested in a subsequent feasibility study.

Client and clinical staff perceptions of barriers to and enablers of the uptake and delivery of behavioural interventions for urinary incontinence: qualitative evidence synthesis.

Aim: To evaluate factors influencing uptake and delivery of behavioural interventions for urinary incontinence from the perspective of clients and clinical staff.

Background: Behavioural interventions are recommended as first-line therapy for the management of urinary incontinence. Barriers to and enablers of uptake and delivery of behavioural interventions have not been reviewed.

Implementing a Systematic Voiding Program for Patients With Urinary Incontinence After Stroke.

We explored health professionals' views of implementing a systematic voiding program (SVP) in a multi-site qualitative process evaluation in stroke services recruited to the intervention arms of a cluster randomized controlled feasibility trial during 2011-2013. We conducted semi-structured group or individual interviews with 38 purposively selected nursing, managerial, and care staff involved in delivering the SVP. Content analysis of transcripts used normalization process theory (NPT) as a pre-specified organization-level exploratory framework.

British-Pakistani women's perspectives of diabetes self-management: the role of identity.

Aims And Objectives: To explore the effects of type 2 diabetes on British-Pakistani women's identity and its relationship with self-management.

Background: Type 2 diabetes is more prevalent and has worse outcomes among some ethnic minority groups. This may be due to poorer self-management and an inadequate match of health services to patient needs.

UNderstanding uptake of Immunisations in TravellIng aNd Gypsy communities (UNITING): protocol for an exploratory, qualitative study.

Introduction: Gypsies, Travellers and Roma (referred to here as Travellers) experience significantly poorer health and have shorter life expectancy than the general population. They are also less likely to access health services including immunisation. To improve immunisation rates, we need to understand what helps and hinders individuals in these communities in taking up immunisations.

The association between social capital and mental health and behavioural problems in children and adolescents: an integrative systematic review.

Background: Mental health is an important component of overall health and wellbeing and crucial for a happy and meaningful life. The prevalence of mental health problems amongst children and adolescent is high; with estimates suggesting 10-20% suffer from mental health problems at any given time. These mental health problems include internalising (e.

Cost effectiveness of a web-based decision aid for parents deciding about MMR vaccination: a three-arm cluster randomised controlled trial in primary care.

Background: Levels of measles in England and Wales are at their highest for 18 years, and strategies targeting the different groups of parents who do not vaccinate their children continue to be needed. Decision aids for decisions regarding childhood immunisation appear to be effective in achieving an increase in vaccine uptake but their cost effectiveness is unknown.

Aim: To assess the cost effectiveness of a web-based decision aid to increase uptake of the MMR vaccine.

Self-management of urinary and fecal incontinence.

Widely used by patients to control symptoms of chronic conditions such as diabetes, asthma, and arthritis, self-management can also help patients with urinary or fecal incontinence. The authors discuss the principles of self-management, the behaviors and skills self-managing patients need to acquire, and the nurse's role in reinforcing their use. They then describe strategies that can be incorporated within the framework of self-management to control urinary, fecal, or dual incontinence.

Undertaking qualitative health research in social virtual worlds.

Aims: This paper discusses the methodological challenges of using the 3D social virtual world Second Life for research and offers some solutions on a range of research issues including research ethics committee approval, gaining consent, recruitment of sample, data collection and engagement with 'in - world culture'.

Background: The attraction of social virtual worlds to researchers is their ability to mimic the physical world, as they, are seen as 'places' where people have a feeling of presence (being there) and social presence (being there with others) through the use of a 'customisable' avatar (digital self-representation). Emerging research demonstrating the persuasive nature of avatars on health behaviours through virtual worlds, online games and the 3D web has increased the use of and interest in these areas for delivering health information, advice and support.

The association between family and community social capital and health risk behaviours in young people: an integrative review.

Background: Health risk behaviours known to result in poorer outcomes in adulthood are generally established in late childhood and adolescence. These 'risky' behaviours include smoking, alcohol and illicit drug use and sexual risk taking. While the role of social capital in the establishment of health risk behaviours in young people has been explored, to date, no attempt has been made to consolidate the evidence in the form of a review.

A systematic review of research into black and ethnic minority patients' views on self-management of type 2 diabetes.

Context: Eliciting patients' views of type 2 diabetes self-management provides insights on how policy and services might better support the needs of this population.

Objective: To synthesize black and ethnic minority patients' views on the barriers and facilitators influencing the self-management of type 2 diabetes.

Search Strategy: A systematic search of international literature published in nine electronic databases was undertaken in 2008.

Randomised cluster trial to support informed parental decision-making for the MMR vaccine.

Background: In the UK public concern about the safety of the combined measles, mumps and rubella [MMR] vaccine continues to impact on MMR coverage. Whilst the sharp decline in uptake has begun to level out, first and second dose uptake rates remain short of that required for population immunity. Furthermore, international research consistently shows that some parents lack confidence in making a decision about MMR vaccination for their children.

Effective continuing professional development for translating shared decision making in primary care: A study protocol.

Background: Shared decision making (SDM) is a process by which a healthcare choice is made jointly by the healthcare professional and the patient. SDM is the essential element of patient-centered care, a core concept of primary care. However, SDM is seldom translated into primary practice.

Overcoming the barriers to optimum continence care: the need for an expanded approach to implementation.

In spite of a growing body of evidence to show that urinary incontinence is treatable or symptoms can be significantly improved in the majority of older people significant shortfalls in the quality of continence care are highlighted consistently in the international literature. The key barriers to providing optimal continence care for older people points to a need to address change not only from an individual practitioner perspective but also at the levels of the multidisciplinary team and organization. Examples of some emerging implementation frameworks that incorporate the broader context in which change occurs in 'real world' practice are introduced which may serve as useful guides.

A systematic review of decision support needs of parents making child health decisions.

Objective: To identify the decision support needs of parents attempting to make an informed health decision on behalf of a child.

Context: The first step towards implementing patient decision support is to assess patients' information and decision-making needs.

Search Strategy: A systematic search of key bibliographic databases for decision support studies was performed in 2005.

What is the impact of advanced primary care nursing roles on patients, nurses and their colleagues? A literature review.

Objectives: To review and draw together the existing research evidence to assess the impact of advanced primary care nursing roles, particularly first contact nursing roles, for patients, nurses themselves and their colleagues in order to highlight salient issues for policy, practice and research.

Background: Internationally, nurses' roles continue to expand in response to doctor shortages and policy drives to provide effective and efficient health services. A body of research exists from which to evaluate the impact of advanced nursing roles on various dimensions of healthcare delivery and organisation.

Specialist health visitor-led weight management intervention in primary care: exploratory evaluation.

Aim: This paper is a report of an exploratory study to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of a specialist health visitor-led weight management clinic in primary care.

Background: Tackling obesity is a global health priority. Whilst there is evidence to support a role for primary healthcare professionals in its management, provision in England varies widely.

The nature and impact of urinary incontinence experienced by patients receiving community nursing services: a cross-sectional cohort study.

Background: Nurses have played a pivotal role in the delivery of continence services yet little is known about the nature or impact of urinary symptoms experienced by patients in receipt of such care.

Aim: To define the nature and impact of urinary symptoms experienced by patients in receipt of community nursing services.

Method: The Leicestershire Urinary Symptoms Questionnaire was administered to 1078 patients with incontinence identified from 176 community nurses' caseloads in 157 general practices in England.