Histopathological substrate of increased T2 signal in the anterior temporal lobe white matter in temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis.

Objective: This study was undertaken to analyze the histology underlying increased T2 signal intensity (iT2SI) in anterior temporal lobe white matter (aTLWM) epilepsy due to hippocampal sclerosis (TLE/HS).

Methods: Twenty-three patients were included: 16 with increased T2 signal in the aTLWM and seven with HS only. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were consistent across two neuroradiologists (kappa = .

Evaluation of glial tumors: correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological analysis.

Objective: To determine the correlation of conventional and diffusion-weighted imaging findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, based on Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images (VASARI) criteria, with the histopathological grading of gliomas: low-grade or high-grade.

Materials And Methods: Preoperative MRI scans of 178 patients with brain gliomas and pathological confirmation were rated by two neuroradiologists for tumor size, location, and tumor morphology, using a standardized imaging feature set based on the VASARI criteria.

Results: In the univariate analysis, more than half of the MRI characteristics evaluated showed a significant association with the tumor grade.

Temporal trends in respiratory pathogens following the COVID-19 pandemic and climate variables: A unicentric retrospective evaluation of 24 pathogens in a temperate subtropical region.

Temperature and humidity are studied in the context of seasonal infections in temperate and tropical zones, but the relationship between viral trends and climate variables in temperate subtropical zones remains underexplored. Our retrospective study analyzes respiratory pathogen incidence and its correlation with climate data in a subtropical zone. Retrospective observational study at Moinhos de Vento Hospital, South Brazil, aiming to assess seasonal trends in respiratory pathogens, correlating them with climate data.

Challenges to the effectiveness of next-generation sequencing in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples for non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) specimens is routine in precision oncology practice. However, results are not always conclusive, and it is important to identify which factors may influence FFPE tumor sequencing success.

Materials And Methods: Here, we evaluated the influence of pre-analytical factors on 705 samples of non-small cell lung cancer specimens that underwent NGS testing.

Autophagy and nuclear morphometry are associated with histopathologic features in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Less than 15% of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) survive 5 years after diagnosis. A better understanding of the biology of these tumors and the development of clinical biomarkers is needed. Autophagy is a physiological mechanism involved in the turnover of cellular components that plays a key role in cancer.

Incipient Parallel Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Deltacron Variant in South Brazil.

With the coexistence of multiple lineages and increased international travel, recombination and gene flow are likely to become increasingly important in the adaptive evolution of SARS-CoV-2. These processes could result in genetic introgression and the incipient parallel evolution of multiple recombinant lineages. However, identifying recombinant lineages is challenging, and the true extent of recombinant evolution in SARS-CoV-2 may be underestimated.

Evaluation of EDTA and nitric acid solutions for decalcification of joints in AG/WT, BALB/c, C57, DBA1/J mice, and in Wistar rats.

Decalcification of mineralized samples for microscopic analysis involves competing factors including decalcification time, preservation of tissue integrity and cost. We investigated the utility of different decalcification solutions for studying joints in AG/WT, BALB/c, C57, DBA1/J mice and Wistar rats. The hind paws of the rodents were removed and fixed with 10% buffered formalin.

Neuronal Death, Glial Reactivity, Microglia Activation, Oxidative Stress and Bioenergetics Impairment Caused by Intracerebroventricular Administration of D-2-hydroxyglutaric Acid to Neonatal Rats.

D-2-hydroxyglutaric acid (D-2-HG) accumulates and is the biochemical hallmark of D-2-hydroxyglutaric acidurias (D-2-HGA) types I and II, which comprehend two inherited neurometabolic diseases with severe cerebral abnormalities. Since the pathogenesis of these diseases is poorly established, we tested whether D-2-HG could be neurotoxic to neonatal rats. D-2-HG intracerebroventricular administration caused marked vacuolation in cerebral cortex and striatum.

The relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor and histological grade in intracranial meningioma.

Background: Meningioma is the most common benign intracranial neoplasm, accounting for 30% of all primary brain tumors. In 90% of cases, meningiomas are benign. Several aspects of molecular biology, including potential biomarkers, have been studied in attempts to better understand the natural history of meningiomas.

Tannic acid elicits selective antitumoral activity in vitro and inhibits cancer cell growth in a preclinical model of glioblastoma multiforme.

Glioblastoma is a devastating tumor affecting the central nervous system with infiltrative capacity, high proliferation rate and chemoresistance. Therefore, it is urgent to find new therapeutic alternatives that improve this prognosis. Herein, we focused on tannic acid (TA) a polyphenol with antioxidant and antiproliferative activities.

Xanthogranulomatous colloid cyst: Radiologic- pathologic correlation and diagnostic difficulties.

Background: Despite colloid cyst in the third ventricle is a very usual cause of hydrocephalus, its xanthogranulomatous variant is rare. The most important differential diagnosis is the third ventricular craniopharyngioma. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there have been few cases of xanthogranulomatous variant colloid cysts reported in the English literature.

Analysis of Predictive Biomarkers in Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma From Southern Brazil Reveals a Distinct Profile From Other Regions of the Country.

Purpose: Adenocarcinoma is the most common histologic subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer, representing 40% of all diagnoses. Several biomarkers are currently used to determine patient eligibility for targeted treatments, including analysis of molecular alterations in and , as well as programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein expression. Epidemiologic data reporting the frequency of these biomarkers in Brazilian patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are limited, and existing studies predominantly included patients from the southeast region of the country.

Survival and prognostic factors in childhood medulloblastoma: A Brazilian single center experience from 1995 to 2016.

Background: Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in the pediatric population. Despite prognosis improvement in the past two decades, one-third of the patients still remain incurable. New evidence suggests that medulloblastoma comprises four distinct entities; therefore, treatment de-escalation is required.

Acute lysine overload provokes marked striatum injury involving oxidative stress signaling pathways in glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficient mice.

Glutaric acidemia type I (GA I) is a neurometabolic disorder of lysine (Lys) catabolism caused by glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH) deficiency. Patients are susceptible to develop acute striatum degeneration during catabolic stress situations whose underlying mechanisms are not fully established. Thus, in the present work we investigated the effects of a single intrastriatal Lys administration (1.

Vitamin D supplementation ameliorates arthritis but does not alleviates renal injury in pristane-induced lupus model.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifactorial and autoimmune inflammatory disease with pleomorphic clinical manifestations involving different organs and tissues. The study of different murine models has provided a better understanding of these autoimmune phenomena. Pristane-induced lupus represents a suitable model to study factors that could influence the induction and/or progression of SLE, including genetic factors.

Muscle wasting in osteoarthritis model induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection.

This study aimed to investigate the molecular pathways involved in muscle wasting in an animal model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) in rats. Reduction of protein syntheses, increased proteolysis and impaired muscle regeneration are important pathways related to muscle wasting, and myogenin, MyoD, myostatin and MuRF-1 are some of their markers. Female Wistar rats were allocated into two groups: OA (submitted to the ACLT) and SHAM (submitted to surgery without ACLT).

Experimental Evidence that In Vivo Intracerebral Administration of L-2-Hydroxyglutaric Acid to Neonatal Rats Provokes Disruption of Redox Status and Histopathological Abnormalities in the Brain.

Tissue accumulation of L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid (L-2-HG) is the biochemical hallmark of L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L-2-HGA), a rare neurometabolic inherited disease characterized by neurological symptoms and brain white matter abnormalities whose pathogenesis is not yet well established. L-2-HG was intracerebrally administered to rat pups at postnatal day 1 (P1) to induce a rise of L-2-HG levels in the central nervous system (CNS). Thereafter, we investigated whether L-2-HG in vivo administration could disturb redox homeostasis and induce brain histopathological alterations in the cerebral cortex and striatum of neonatal rats.

Induction of Neuroinflammatory Response and Histopathological Alterations Caused by Quinolinic Acid Administration in the Striatum of Glutaryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficient Mice.

Glutaric acidemia type I (GA I) is an inherited neurometabolic disorder caused by a severe deficiency of the mitochondrial glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH) activity. Patients usually present progressive cortical leukodystrophy and commonly develop acute bilateral striatal degeneration mainly during infections that markedly worse their prognosis. A role for quinolinic acid (QA), a key metabolite of the kynurenine pathway, which is activated during inflammatory processes, on the pathogenesis of the acute striatum degeneration occurring in GA I was proposed but so far has not yet been evaluated.

Misdiagnosis of endocarditis.

Death certificate inaccuracy is of major concern both in the public health domain and in individual health care, since it may yield untruthful data on the incidence, prevalence, and lethality of medical entities, and may hamper prophylactic measures among those who share, with the deceased, the common genetic, environmental, or behavioral risk factors. An effective way to settle this haziness relies on the increase of autopsy performance, increasing manifold the exactitude as well as facing surprising diagnoses. In this report, the authors present the case of a middle-aged woman who sought medical care because of back pain accompanied by weight loss.

Experimental evidence that bioenergetics disruption is not mainly involved in the brain injury of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficient mice submitted to lysine overload.

Bioenergetics dysfunction has been postulated as an important pathomechanism of brain damage in glutaric aciduria type I, but this is still under debate. We investigated activities of citric acid cycle (CAC) enzymes, lactate release, respiration and membrane potential (ΔΨm) in mitochondrial preparations from cerebral cortex and striatum of 30-day-old glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficient (Gcdh-/-) and wild type mice fed a baseline or a high lysine (Lys, 4.7%) chow for 60 or 96h.

In vivo intracerebral administration of L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid provokes oxidative stress and histopathological alterations in striatum and cerebellum of adolescent rats.

Patients affected by L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L-2-HGA) are biochemically characterized by elevated L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid (L-2-HG) concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and urine due to a blockage in the conversion of L-2-HG to α-ketoglutaric acid. Neurological symptoms associated with basal ganglia and cerebelar abnormalities whose pathophysiology is still unknown are typical of this neurometabolic disorder. In the present study we evaluated the early effects (30min after injection) of an acute in vivo intrastriatal and intracerebellar L-2-HG administration on redox homeostasis in rat striatum and cerebellum, respectively.

Rare suprasellar glioblastoma: report of two cases and review of the literature.

Background And Importance: The suprasellar and hypothalamic/chiasmatic regions can harbor a broad range of pathologic conditions, both neoplastic and nonneoplastic; however, malignant gliomas are extremely rare in those regions.

Clinical Presentations: Patient 1 was a 70 year-old man with weight loss and rapidly progressive visual impairment. A mass centered in the hypothalamus was detected on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.