Potential Therapeutic Targets for Combination Antibody Therapy Against Infections.

Despite the significant advances in antibiotic treatments and therapeutics, () remains a formidable pathogen, primarily due to its rapid acquisition of antibiotic resistance. Known for its array of virulence factors, including surface proteins that promote adhesion to host tissues, enzymes that break down host barriers, and toxins that contribute to immune evasion and tissue destruction, poses a serious health threat. Both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) classify as an ESKAPE pathogen, recognizing it as a critical threat to global health.

A distinct immune cytokine profile is associated with morning cortisol and repeated stress.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate possible immune cytokine trends throughout a week-long surgical simulation mass-casualty training session in order to determine the effects of stress inoculation on the immune system.

Methods: Thirty-seven military medical students participated in a hyper-realistic surgical simulation training event conducted at Strategic Operations site in San Diego, California. Salivary samples were collected every morning of the stress training exercise for 4 consecutive days.

Principal component analysis of salivary cytokines and hormones in the acute stress response.

The acute stress response is characterized by activation of multiple interconnected systems in the body, resulting in the release of a flood of hormones and immune mediators into circulation. In addition to detection of these molecules in the serum, saliva can serve as a source of these markers as well and can be collected in a non-invasive way. The complete profile of salivary biomarkers associated with the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal/gonadal axes and the immune system during the acute stress response has not been fully elucidated.

Moving beyond Titers.

Vaccination to prevent and even eliminate disease is amongst the greatest achievements of modern medicine. Opportunities remain in vaccine development to improve protection across the whole population. A next step in vaccine development is the detailed molecular characterization of individual humoral immune responses against a pathogen, especially the rapidly evolving pathogens.

Thygeson Superficial Punctate Keratitis: A Clinical and Immunologic Review.

Thygeson superficial punctate keratitis (TSPK) is clinically characterized by exacerbations and remissions of gray-white opacities within the corneal epithelium, most often bilateral but may be asymmetric. Symptoms typically include photophobia, tearing, blurring, and eye irritation. Although disease progression and prognosis are well described, the exact cause is unknown.

Potential Therapeutic Targets for Combination Antibody Therapy against Infections.

Despite advances in antimicrobial therapy and even the advent of some effective vaccines, remains a significant cause of infectious disease, primarily due to antibiotic resistance. Although is commonly treatable with readily available therapeutics, these therapies are not always efficacious, particularly for certain classes of patients (e.g.

Epitope characterization of anti-drug antibodies-a tool for discovery and health: an overview of the necessity of early epitope characterization to avoid anti-drug antibodies and promote patient health.

: The market for monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies is growing rapidly as the pharmaceutical industry expands its development across a broad spectrum of diseases. Unfortunately, as shown in the recent failure of bococizumab by Pfizer, these treatments often stimulate the formation of problematic anti-drug antibodies (ADAs). ADAs can cause side effects and limit efficacy for many patients.