Diversity, distribution and phytotoxic and anti-Trypanosoma activities of cultivable fungi associated with Magellan sub-Antarctic strait and Maritime Antarctic macroalgae.

We isolated and characterized the community of cultivable fungi associated with marine macroalgae present in the Magellan sub-Antarctic straits and the South Shetland Islands, Maritime Antarctica, and evaluated their production of bioactive metabolites. A total of 201 filamentous fungal isolates were obtained. The genera Antarctomyces, Pseudogymnoascus, Microdochium, Trichoderma, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Neoascochyta, Entomortierella and Linnemannia were associated with Antarctic macroalgae, with Neoascochyta paspali being the most abundant taxon.

Chemical structure of native and modified sulfated heterorhamnans from the green seaweed Gayralia brasiliensis and their cytotoxic effect on U87MG human glioma cells.

A water-soluble sulfated heterorhamnan (Gb1) was isolated from the green seaweed Gayralia brasiliensis and purified by ultrafiltration, yielding a homogeneous polysaccharide (Gb1r). Both fractions contained rhamnose, xylose, galacturonic and glucuronic acids, galactose, and glucose. Chemical and spectroscopic methods allowed the determination of Gb1 and Gb1r chemical structure.

Occurrence, antifungal susceptibility, and virulence factors of opportunistic yeasts isolated from Brazilian beaches.

Background: Opportunistic pathogenic yeast species are frequently associated with water habitats that have pollution sources of human or animal origin. Candida albicans has already been suggested as a faecal indicator microorganism for aquatic environments.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to investigate the occurrence of C.

Yeasts from macroalgae and lichens that inhabit the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.

Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems are largely dominated by lichens, while shallow coastal environments are mainly covered by macroalgae. The aim of this study was to isolate and to evaluate the diversity of yeasts in different species of macroalgae and lichens collected in South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. A total of 405 yeasts were recovered (205 from macroalgae and 200 from lichens).

Diversity and bioprospecting of fungal communities associated with endemic and cold-adapted macroalgae in Antarctica.

We surveyed the distribution and diversity of fungi associated with eight macroalgae from Antarctica and their capability to produce bioactive compounds. The collections yielded 148 fungal isolates, which were identified using molecular methods as belonging to 21 genera and 50 taxa. The most frequent taxa were Geomyces species (sp.

Chemical structure and antiviral activity of the sulfated heterorhamnan isolated from the green seaweed Gayralia oxysperma.

A homogeneous sulfated heterorhamnan was obtained by aqueous extraction, then by ultrafiltration from the green seaweed Gayralia oxysperma. Besides alpha-L-rhamnose it contains glucuronic and galacturonic acids, xylose and glucose. The structure was established by methylation analyses of the carboxyl-reduced, carboxyl-reduced/desulfated, carboxyl-reduced/Smith-degraded, and carboxyl-reduced/Smith-degraded/desulfated products and 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopy analyses.