Inter-observer reliability of two pain scales for newborns.

Aim: To assess inter-observer reliability of two of the most widely used pain scales for newborns.

Background: More than 30 scales exist to assess neonatal pain, but they are rarely used because they are too complicated or unreliable.

Method: We scored pain level in two groups of babies during a heelprick.

[Exposure of nursing personnel to electromagnetic fields in neonatal intensive care].

Electromagnetic fields (EMF) are recognised as a source of environmental pollution for workers and people resident in exposed areas. The level of exposure to EMFs of the nurses working in the Siena Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, during two workdays was recorded and peak levels > 10 mG (1 microT) were registered well above an almost permanence exposure at > 2 mg G. The application of existing standard, cautionary criteria and rules would suggest protective or restrictive measures against EMF exposure for these workers.