Anesthesia and analgesia in breast surgery: the benefits of peripheral nerve block.

Breast surgery is frequently associated with postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting, that result in increased patient's suffering, prolongation of hospital stays and related costs. Thoracic paravertebral nerve block (TPVB) is a viable option to the classic multimodal analgesia in breast surgery as it enhances surgical anesthesia and postoperative analgesia. In this review, we report the results of a number of studies on the role of TPVB in breast surgery.

Suprapectoral biceps tenodesis: a biomechanical comparison of a new "soft anchor" tenodesis technique versus interference screw biceps tendon fixation.

Background: The interference screw technique is commonly used in tenodesis of the long head of the biceps for its well-documented robust fixation strength. Some complications may occur after tenodesis with interference screw such as persistent pain, bone fracture and cyst formation. A new technique using a small "soft anchor" has been proposed to avoid the risk of occurrence of the above-mentioned complications associated with the use of the interference screw.

Insulin resistance and systemic inflammation, but not metabolic syndrome phenotype, predict 9 years mortality in older adults.

Background: Although metabolic syndrome (MS) is a typical condition of middle-aged/older person, the association between MS and mortality risk has not been confirmed in people over 65 years. We hypothesized that while in the elderly MS phenotype might lose its value in predicting mortality risk, the two core factors of MS, i.e.

Randomized trial of adjuvant chemotherapy versus control after curative resection for gastric cancer: 5-year follow-up.

Adjuvant chemotherapy of gastric cancer after curative resection is still subject to discussion. In this study 137 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, all with positive nodes, were randomized after curative resection so that 69 received epidoxorubicin (EPI), leucovorin (LV) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on days 1-3 every 3 weeks for 7 months, whereas the remaining 68 did not. After a follow-up period of 5 years, 21 of the 69 treated patients (30%) and nine controls (13%) were still alive; median survival time was 18 months for the controls and 31 months for the patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (P< 0.

A study of iodothyronine 5'-monodeiodinase activities in normal and pathological tissues in man and their comparison with activities in rat tissues.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the peripheral iodothyronine 5'-monodeiodination in different human and rat tissues. We studied iodothyronine 5'-monodeiodinase type I (5'-DI) activity in liver, kidney, intestine, right cardiac atrium and skeletal muscle and we compared the results with those in rat tissues. Lodothyronine 5'- monodeiodinase type II (5'-DII) activity was studied in normal and ischemic human heart and in rat normal myocardium and brain.

Different SCE-inducing effects of HN2 and MMS in early and late G1 in human lymphocytes.

The induction of SCE was studied in PHA-stimulated human lymphocytes exposed to nitrogen mustard (HN2) or methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) for various time periods in the G1 phase. HN2 was found to induce about 10 times more SCE when cells were exposed in late G1 (24 h after PHA) as compared to early G1 (immediately after PHA). In contrast, only a small difference was observed between cells exposed to MMS in late or early G1.

Isochromosome (17q) in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)-negative juvenile chronic myelocytic leukemia.

A dicentric isochromosome of the long arm of one chromosome #17 was the only abnormality present in a 12-year-old boy with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)-negative juvenile chronic myelocytic leukemia. This association does not seem to have been reported in the literature. It is postulated that the finding of an isochromosome (17q) may also have a negative prognostic value in the Ph1-negative type of chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Transposition of 9q34 and 22 (q11toqter) regions has a specific role in chronic myelocytic leukemia.

Six cases are reported of variant Ph' translocations found among 240 patients with Ph'-positive CML. Five cases had a three-chromosome rearrangement involving, in addition to chromosomes 9 and 22, chromosomes 7, 4, 2(two), and 3, respectively, and one case had a two-chromosome rearrangement 22/5. A review of the literature revealed that three- and two-chromosome variant Ph' translocations are observed with equal frequency.

Partial trisomy 1 due to 1/17 translocation in Ph'-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia.

A patient with chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML) had the Philadelphia chromosome from the standard 9/22 translocation, a partial trisomy 1 secondary to an unbalanced 1/17 translocation, and a more recent clone with the addition of trisomy 22. This is the third case of partial trisomy 1 associated with the Philadelphia chromosome. Trisomy 1 in haematological disorders is discussed with reference to its clinical significance in CML, the segment of chromosome no.

Three chromosomes' (7;9;22) rearrangement and the origin of the Philadelphia chromosome.

A woman with chronic myelocytic leukemia had the Philadelphia chromosome and a complex four-break--three-chromosome rearrangement. The q32 leads to q34 portion of chromosome 9 is translocated to band q22 of chromosome 7, and at the end of this segment is attached the deleted q11 leads to qter portion of chromosome 22. A review of 12 cases of the Philadelphia chromosome originating by the rearrangement of three or more chromosomes reveals that chromosomes 9 and 22 are always involved, while the third chromosome is a different one in each case.

Reduced phenotypic effect on partial trisomy 1q in a X/1 translocation.

A girl with psychomotor retardation and minor physical abnormalities, had an unbalanced X/1 translocation resulting in a partial trisomy 1q and partial monosomy for Xp. The four cases of partial trisomy for the distal segment of 1q reported in the literature showed a much more severely affected phenotype. In the present case the translocated X/1 chromosome is preferentially late replicating and there is spreading of late replication to the translocated 1q segment only in a minor proportion of the cells.

The 9p- deletion syndrome. A patient with a 45, XX-9, -15, +t(9/15) constitution due to maternal 3:1 meiotic disjunction.

Deletion of the short arm of chromosome 9, derived from a 3:1 meiotic segregation in the mother, carrier of a balanced 9/15 translocation, was found in a 3-year-old female. Severe psychomotor retardation with delayed speech, brachicephaly, flat occiput hypertelorism and long upper lip were the main signs in the girl.

Trisomy 21 in mother and daughter.

A 28-year-old woman with trisomy 21 had a daughter with trisomy 21. This case brings the total to 23 mothers recorded as having trisomy 21. Their offspring consist of 14 normals and 10 trisomics, 21 born at term, plus 3 abortions.