Patent ductus arteriosus (also non-hemodynamically significant) correlates with poor outcomes in very low birth weight infants. A multicenter cohort study.

Objectives: To standardize the diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and report its association with adverse neonatal outcomes in very low birth weight infants (VLBW, birth weight < 1500 g).

Study Design: A multicenter prospective observational study was conducted in Emilia Romagna from March 2018 to October 2019. The association between ultrasound grading of PDA and adverse neonatal outcomes was evaluated after correction for gestational age.

A highly unusual case of osmotic demyelination syndrome and extrapontine myelinolysis in a 3-month-old infant with Bartter syndrome.

Bartter syndrome (BS) is a rare autosomal recessive renal tubular disorder characterized by acute electrolyte imbalance, and similarly, osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is a rather rare complication occurring during electrolyte imbalance. The pathological features of ODS include central pontine myelinolysis and extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM), which consist of severe damage to the myelin sheath of neurons. ODS is very rare in children.

Unusual presentation of Rosai-Dorfman disease in a 14-month-old Italian child: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare form of histiocytosis characterized by histiocyte proliferation within lymph nodes and extranodal tissue. Here we report an unusual presentation of RDD in an Italian toddler. Moreover, we reviewed the pediatric case reports published between 2004 and 2014, focusing in particular on medical therapy.

Urine retention in a child treated with oral salbutamol.

It is known that voiding difficulties can be caused by some drugs, but little is known about the role about the route of administration, especially in children. We report here a case of a 3-year old Italian boy referred to the Pediatric Emergency Unit complaining of two episodes of acute urinary retention, both after therapy with oral salbutamol. In spite of recommendations to use inhaled salbutamol to treat acute wheezing, oral salbutamol is still sometimes used in some settings.

Growth Impairment and Nutritional Deficiencies in a Cow's Milk-Allergic Infant Fed by Unmodified Donkey's Milk.

We report a case of growth impairment and nutritional deficiencies in a five-month infant fed by unmodified donkey's milk. We discuss the energy and macronutrient daily intake from donkey's milk and the nutritional consequences that can occur if this kind of milk is used unmodified in the first year of life.