"Please mind the gap": successful use of ultrasound-assisted spinal anesthesia for urgent cesarean section in a patient with implanted spinal cord stimulation system for giant chest wall arteriovenous malformation - a case report.

Background: The use of Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) system to treat medically refractory neuropathic pain is increasing. Severe neuropathic pain can be found in giant chest wall arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), exceedingly rare and debilitating abnormalities, rarely reported during pregnancy.

Case Presentation: We present a report of a pregnant patient with implanted Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) system because of painful thoracic AVM scheduled for an urgent cesarean section in which we used lumbar ultrasound (US) to rule out the possibility to damage SCS electrodes and to find a safe site to perform spinal anesthesia.