The main causes of injuries to the lower and middle third of the facial skeleton are traffic accidents, accidental falls, assaults, and sport. Regarding sports-related maxillofacial trauma, an 8-year retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Policlinico Umberto I in Rome, Italy. In all, 329 patients were included, of which we analyzed 35 patients with sports-related mandibular fractures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe apparent lack of quadrangular cartilage in Black African noses is commonly observed both from a radiological and clinical point of view. To the best of our knowledge, only a few research papers have been conducted on the facial proportions and structural anatomy of black people of Southern and Eastern Africa. The aim of this retrospective comparative study is a radiological assessment of the total amount of septal quadrangular cartilage by measuring its area in sagittal CT views, in two selected Black South African and Caucasian (CA) samples and the comparison with the literature in our hands.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMandibular fractures are the second most common maxillofacial fractures. The prevalent treatment for this kind of fractures is either a surgical procedure such as maxillomandibular fixation or open reduction and internal fixation or a combination of both. Sometimes the patients might develop locoregional postoperative complications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCone-beam computed tomography (CT) is gaining popularity worldwide due to an increasingly diffuse and affordable in-office availability. It is becoming more commonplace for rhinoplasty surgeons to utilize this imaging as tool for preoperative assessment; however, there is inconsistency among radiologists commenting on specific structures of the nose or nasal cavity as there is currently no standardized reporting protocol. The goal of this article is to present clear guidelines for radiologists to report relevant nasal anatomy in the context of preoperative rhinoplasty evaluation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe epidemiology of maxillofacial fractures is variable in different geographic regions. Economic and social conditions, laws and types of behavior can be considered the most important factors influencing these differences.Mandibular fractures were first cited in 1650 BC in an Egyptian papyrus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRationale: The dinoflagellate genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa are producers of toxins responsible for Ciguatera Poisoning (CP). Although having very low oral potency, maitotoxins (MTXs) are very toxic following intraperitoneal injection and feeding studies have shown they may accumulate in fish muscle. To date, six MTX congeners have been described but two congeners (MTX2 and MTX4) have not yet been structurally elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDinoflagellate species belonging to the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa produce ciguatoxins (CTXs), potent neurotoxins that concentrate in fish causing ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) in humans. While the structures and toxicities of ciguatoxins isolated from fish in the Pacific and Caribbean are known, there are few data on the variation in toxicity between and among species of Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. Quantifying the differences in species-specific toxicity is especially important to developing an effective cell-based risk assessment strategy for CFP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaitotoxins (MTXs) are among the most potent toxins known. These toxins are produced by epi-benthic dinoflagellates of the genera and and may play a role in causing the symptoms associated with Ciguatera Fish Poisoning. A recent survey revealed that, of the species tested, the newly described species from the Canary Islands, , is one of the most maitotoxic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpecies in the epi-benthic dinoflagellate genus Gambierdiscus produce ciguatoxins (CTXs) and maitotoxins (MTXs), which are among the most potent marine toxins known. Consumption of fish contaminated with sufficient quantities of CTXs causes Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP), the largest cause of non-bacterial food poisoning worldwide. Maitotoxins, which can be found in the digestive system of fish, could also contribute to CFP if such tissues are consumed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOstreopsis cf. ovata produces palytoxin analogues including ovatoxins (OVTXs) and a putative palytoxin (p-PLTX), which can accumulate in marine organisms and may possibly lead to food intoxication. However, purified ovatoxins are not widely available and their toxicities are still unknown.
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