Association of Sarcopenia and Gut Microbiota Composition in Older Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease, Investigation of the Interactions with Uremic Toxins, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.

Sarcopenia is a prevalent condition in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We determined gut microbiota (gMB) composition in CKD patients with or without sarcopenia. Furthermore, we investigated whether in these patients, there was any association between gMB, uremic toxins, inflammation and oxidative stress.

A mixture of quebracho and chestnut tannins drives butyrate-producing bacteria populations shift in the gut microbiota of weaned piglets.

Weaning is a critical period for piglets, in which unbalanced gut microbiota and/or pathogen colonisation can contribute to diseases that interfere with animal performance. Tannins are natural compounds that could be used as functional ingredients to improve gut health in pig farming thanks to their antibacterial, antioxidant, and antidiarrhoeal properties. In this study, a mixture of quebracho and chestnut tannins (1.

Implications of Tributyrin on Gut Microbiota Shifts Related to Performances of Weaning Piglets.

Alternatives to antibiotic treatments are required owing to the ban on the use of these drugs as growth promoters in food animal production. Tributyrin appears to play a role in improving growth performance in pigs, albeit with varying degrees of effectiveness. So far, very little is known about its effects on gut microbiota composition.

Exploring Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Diversity from Artisanal Llama Sausages: Assessment of Technological and Safety Traits.

Llama sausage is still produced following artisanal procedures, with the autochthonous microbiota being mainly responsible for the fermentation process. In this work, the taxonomical identification and technological-safety criteria of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolated from two different productions of llama sausages (P: pilot and A: artisanal) were investigated. () and were the species most frequently found in P production, followed by and a wider species variability was observed in A factory being and as the main identified species.

Gut microbiota composition and frailty in elderly patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Frailty is common in older patients affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD). Since gut microbiota (gMB) may contribute to frailty, we explored possible associations between gMB and frailty in CKD.

Methods: We studied 64 CKD patients (stage 3b-4), categorized as frail (F, 38) and not frail (NF, 26) according to Fried criteria, and 15 controls (C), all older than 65 years.

Development of an S-layer gene-based PCR-DGGE assay for monitoring dominant Lactobacillus helveticus strains in natural whey starters of Grana Padano cheese.

Monitoring L. helveticus strain dynamics in natural whey starters is of great interest at the industrial level due to the key role that this bacterial population plays in Grana Padano cheese production. In this study, we aimed to develop a PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) assay based on the slpH locus, in parallel with performing culture-dependent analysis of whey samples using optimized media to maximize the number of isolated strains.

Impact of cooking and fermentation by lactic acid bacteria on phenolic profile of quinoa and buckwheat seeds.

In this work, quinoa and buckwheat cooked seeds were fermented by two autochthonous strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the corresponding seeds, namely Lactobacillus paracasei A1 2.6 and Pediococcus pentosaceus GS·B, with lactic acid chemically acidified seeds as control. The impact of cooking and fermentation on the comprehensive phenolic profile of quinoa and buckwheat seeds was evaluated through untargeted ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS).

Differential effects of coconut versus soy oil on gut microbiota composition and predicted metabolic function in adult mice.

Background: Animal studies show that high fat (HF) diet-induced gut microbiota contributes to the development of obesity. Oil composition of high-fat diet affects metabolic inflammation differently with deleterious effects by saturated fat. The aim of the present study was to examine the diversity and metabolic capacity of the cecal bacterial community in C57BL/6 N mice administered two different diets, enriched respectively with coconut oil (HFC, high in saturated fat) or soy oil (HFS, high in polyunsaturated fat).

Abundance and Diversity of Hydrogenotrophic Microorganisms in the Infant Gut before the Weaning Period Assessed by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and Quantitative PCR.

Delivery mode (natural vs. cesarean) and feeding type (breast vs. formula feeding) are relevant factors for neonatal gut colonization.

Impact of cystic fibrosis disease on archaea and bacteria composition of gut microbiota.

Cystic fibrosis is often associated with intestinal inflammation due to several factors, including altered gut microbiota composition. In this study, we analyzed the fecal microbiota among patients with cystic fibrosis of 10-22 years of age, and compared the findings with age-matched healthy subjects. The participating patients included 14 homozygotes and 14 heterozygotes with the delF508 mutation, and 2 heterozygotes presenting non-delF508 mutations.

Infant Early Gut Colonization by Lachnospiraceae: High Frequency of Ruminococcus gnavus.

Lachnospiraceae is a bacterial family usually isolated from human and mammalian intestinal microbiota. However, its presence and role in the infant microbiota is not fully elucidated. This may be due to the strictly anaerobic behavior of its members that hampers the possibility of culture-dependent enumeration.

High-throughput assessment of bacterial ecology in hog, cow and ovine casings used in sausages production.

Natural casings derived from different intestine portions have been used for centuries in the production of fresh and dry-fermented sausages. Here we analysed by means of culture-dependent methods and Illumina high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons the bacterial ecology of hog, cow and ovine casings at different stages of their preparation for sausages production. Several strains of Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Vagococcus and Clostridium were counted, isolated and characterised at phylogenetic level.

Archaeal microbiota population in piglet feces shifts in response to weaning: Methanobrevibacter smithii is replaced with Methanobrevibacter boviskoreani.

Methanogens commonly inhabit swine intestine. We analyzed the gut archaeal population by extracting DNA from the feces of nine piglets. We performed PCR to target the V6-V8 region of the 16S rRNA gene.