An analysis of the PM chemical composition and its spatial and seasonal variation in Piedmont (Italy) using Raman spectroscopy.

Particulate Matter (PM) dramatically affects the well-being of a growing global population, particularly in urban areas. While air quality control is an important and pressing issue, particulate matter analysis typically focuses on size distribution and concentration, offering limited insights into chemical composition and pollutant sources. This study analyzes PM samples collected from five air quality monitoring stations across the Piedmont region.

Polarization scattering by intra-channel collisions.

We show that polarization modulated and polarization multiplexed transmission may be significantly impaired by the polarization scattering induced by intra-channel cross-phase modulation and four-wave mixing. In polarization multiplexed transmission, channel interleaving may be used to mitigate the effect when two-pulse collisions are dominant.