Diabetic ketoacidosis with central nervous system involvement: Conventional and advanced magnetic resonance neuroimaging findings.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication in children with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1). In rare and severe cases DKA may be complicated by cerebral edema, central brain herniation and cerebral infarctions. We present the magnetic resonance imaging findings in a child with DKA and central nervous system involvement; diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional MRI (fMRI) were performed to assess the white matter integrity of sensory pathways and cortical sensory processing.

Enterovirus and parechovirus meningoencephalitis in infants: A ten-year prospective observational study in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Background: Non-polio enteroviruses (EV) and human parechoviruses (HPeV) are known etiological agents of meningoencephalitis in neonates. However, reports of neuroradiological findings and neurodevelopmental outcomes in this population are scarce.

Objectives: to describe clinical characteristics, neuroradiological findings and, in a subset of patients, neurodevelopmental outcomes in a cohort of infants with EV or HPeV meningoencephalitis within 60 days of life.

Unraveling the Neurological Complexity of Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal Protein, and Skin Changes Syndrome: A Report of a Challenging Case of a Young Woman and Cutting-Edge Advancements in the Field.

POEMS syndrome-characterized by polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein, and skin changes-is an uncommon and complex paraneoplastic disorder encompassing a diverse array of symptoms. Here we report the challenging case of a 34-year-old female who sought medical attention at the emergency department due to distal lower limb weakness. She was breastfeeding her first child at that time.

The impact of changes in gadolinium-enhancement on disease progression in children with neurofibromatosis type 1-associated optic pathway glioma: a retrospective analysis.

Purpose: There has been limited investigation of imaging features associated with visual acuity (VA) decline and initiation of treatment for patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and optic pathway glioma (OPG).

Methods: To evaluate the association of increased gadolinium enhancement with decline in VA, initiation of chemotherapy, and tumor growth, we performed a retrospective cohort study of children diagnosed with NF1-OPG between January 2006 to June 2016. Two cohorts were defined: a new diagnosis and a longitudinal cohort.

Ischaemic Stroke of the "Hand-Knob" Area Due to Paradoxical Cerebral Air Embolism after Central Venous Catheterization-A Doubly Rare Occurrence: A Case Report and an Overview of Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

Central venous catheters (CVCs) are increasingly used across specialties for invasive haemodynamic monitoring and for the delivery of fluids, medications, and nutritional support. Cerebral air embolism (CAE) is a rare but potentially fatal complication associated with the insertion, maintenance, and removal of CVCs. It can occur through different mechanisms, including the direct retrograde ascension of air into the cerebral veins and paradoxical embolism due to a right-to-left intracardiac or intrapulmonary shunt.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis phenotypes significantly differ in terms of magnetic susceptibility properties of the precentral cortex.

Objectives: The aim of our study was to investigate whether the magnetic susceptibility varies according to the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) phenotypes based on the predominance of upper motor neuron (UMN)/lower motor neuron (LMN) impairment.

Methods: We retrospectively collected imaging and clinical data of 47 ALS patients (12 with UMN predominance (UMN-ALS), 16 with LMN predominance (LMN-ALS), and 19 with no clinically defined predominance (Np-ALS)). We further enrolled 23 healthy controls (HC) and 15 ALS mimics (ALS-Mim).

Regional impairment of cortical and deep gray matter perfusion in preterm neonates with low-grade germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage: an ASL study.

Purpose: The long-term impact of low-grade germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH) on brain perfusion has not been fully investigated. We aimed to compare cortical and deep gray matter (GM) cerebral blood flow (CBF) obtained with pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL), among preterm neonates with and without low-grade GMH-IVH and full-term controls.

Methods: 3T-pCASL examinations of 9 healthy full-term neonates (mean gestational age 38.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Allows the Evaluation of Tissue Damage and Regeneration in a Mouse Model of Critical Limb Ischemia.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides non-invasive, repetitive measures in the same individual, allowing the study of a physio-pathological event over time. In this study, we tested the performance of 7 Tesla multi-parametric MRI to monitor the dynamic changes of mouse skeletal muscle injury and regeneration upon acute ischemia induced by femoral artery dissection. T2-mapping (T2 relaxation time), diffusion-tensor imaging (Fractional Anisotropy) and perfusion by Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI (K-trans) were measured and imaging results were correlated with histological morphometric analysis in both Gastrocnemius and Tibialis anterior muscles.