Avascular necrosis of humeral head after proximal humerus fracture: comparison between classification systems in predicting necrosis risk.

Background And Aim: Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the humeral head is a relatively frequent complication after proximal humerus fractures (PHF). There are many factors related to the risk of developing AVN, with fracture complexity being one of the most relevant. Aim of the present study is to evaluate the correlation between different classification systems and the risk of post-operative AVN in patients treated with locking plate fixation for Neer 3 and 4-part PHFs.

Combined Targeting of the Glutathione and Thioredoxin Antioxidant Systems in Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is characterized by increased generation of reactive oxygen species that can cause lethal oxidative stress. Here, we evaluated the combined inhibition of the glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant systems in preclinical models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, using buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) that targets glutathione synthesis, and auranofin that targets thioredoxin recycling. BSO potentiated the cytotoxicity of auranofin and induced lethal oxidative stress in primary pancreatic cancer cells.

The current landscape of systemic therapy for recurrent glioblastoma: A systematic review of randomized-controlled trials.

Aim: Conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness of systemic therapies for adult recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM).

Methods: We electronically searched for randomized controlled trials from three major databases and four conferences from 2009-Dec 2020. Two independent reviewers conducted screening, data extraction, and quality assessment.

Topical cannabis-based medicines - A novel adjuvant treatment for venous leg ulcers: An open-label trial.

Venous leg ulcers are highly prevalent lower limb integumentary wounds that remain challenging to heal despite the use of evidence-based compression therapies. A multitude of adjuvant treatments has been studied but none have demonstrated enough efficacy to gain adoption into treatment guidelines. Global attention on Cannabis-Based Therapies is increasing and has been driven by quantum scientific advancements in the understanding of the endocannabinoid signalling system.

Topical cannabis-based medicines - A novel paradigm and treatment for non-uremic calciphylaxis leg ulcers: An open label trial.

Non-Uremic Calciphylaxis (NUC) is a rare condition that often manifests as intractable and painful integumentary wounds, afflicting patients with a high burden of co-morbidity. The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) is a ubiquitous signalling system that is theorised to be dysregulated within wound beds and associated peri-wound tissues. Preclinical research has shown that the dominant chemical classes derived from the cannabis plant, cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, interact with the integumentary ECS to promote wound closure and analgesia.

Post-operative periprosthetic humeral fractures after reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a review of the literature.

Background And Aim Of The Work: Post-operative periprosthetic shoulder fractures incidence is gradually raising due to aging of population and increasing of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). Management of this complication represents a challenge for the orthopedic surgeon. Aim of the present study is to critically review the recent literature about epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, management and outcome of post-operative periprosthetic humeral  fractures occurring on RTSA.

Molecular Biomarkers of Response to PD-1/ PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Advanced Bladder Cancer.

Background: The activity of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of advanced bladder cancer (BC) is promising for many patients. However, a subset of patients do not benefit from treatment, thus leading to an effort to better identify predictive molecular biomarkers of response.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the literature on predictive molecular biomarkers associated with response to PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in advanced bladder cancer, defined as locally-advanced, unresectable, or metastatic (mBC) disease.

Modulation of Mrp1 (ABCc1) and Pgp (ABCb1) by bilirubin at the blood-CSF and blood-brain barriers in the Gunn rat.

Accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) in the brain causes bilirubin encephalopathy. Pgp (ABCb1) and Mrp1 (ABCc1), highly expressed in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) respectively, may modulate the accumulation of UCB in brain. We examined the effect of prolonged exposure to elevated concentrations of UCB on expression of the two transporters in homozygous, jaundiced (jj) Gunn rats compared to heterozygous, not jaundiced (Jj) littermates at different developmental stages (2, 9, 17 and 60 days after birth).