Evaluation of the phase-specific antibody response in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) after two doses of an inactivated phase I Coxiella burnetii vaccine.

The control and management of Q fever outbreaks in ruminants are currently based on vaccination. Although buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) are intensively farmed in several countries and represent a reservoir for Coxiellosis, no evidence has been described regarding the efficacy of vaccination in this species. This work aimed to evaluate the humoral response, using appropriate phase-specific ELISAs, and the effects on abortion rate in buffalo by a field study.