Evidence of Strong Flux Underestimation by Bulk Parametrizations During Drifting and Blowing Snow.

Unlabelled: The influence of drifting and blowing snow on surface mass and energy exchange is difficult to quantify due to limitations in both measurements and models, but is still potentially very important over large areas with seasonal or perennial snow cover. We present a unique set of measurements that make possible the calculation of turbulent moisture, heat, and momentum fluxes during conditions of drifting and blowing snow. From the data, Monin-Obukhov estimation of bulk fluxes is compared to eddy-covariance-derived fluxes.