Publications by authors named "Francesco Cavani"

Endodontic instruments require thorough decontamination and sterilization before use and reuse to ensure the safety and success of treatments. However, standardized protocols are lacking. This study aimed to quantitatively assess the effectiveness of different cleaning protocols in removing debris from NiTi rotary file surfaces.

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: Potential adverse effects and pH-related effectiveness of bleaching agents have raised some concerns. The aim of this study was to compare three bleaching agents containing hydrogen peroxide (HP) and carbamide peroxide (CP) in terms of whitening effectiveness, pH variation, and changes in enamel surface roughness. : After controlled staining with a black tea solution, 42 human enamel specimens underwent bleaching treatment using the following agents: HP 40%; HP 35%; CP 16%.

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: Apical extrusion of debris can affect the success of endodontic treatments, and the specific performance of certain retreatment systems has not been studied yet. Therefore, the aim of this in vitro study was to quantitatively assess the amount of apically extruded debris produced during retreatment procedures using three rotary NiTi retreatment systems in mature non-resorbed straight roots. : Thirty extracted permanent human teeth with single straight roots were selected.

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This study clinically and histologically evaluated the outcome of a porcineapatite xenograft used to elevate the maxillary sinus floor in a severely atrophic ridge. A two-stage crestal window sinus elevation protocol was conducted in 24 patients with crestal bone ≤ 2 mm. Highly porous porcine carbonate apatite moistened with saline solution was placed in the elevated sinus cavity as the sole grafting material.

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Detachment is the major cause of failure of endodontic fibre posts. Hollow posts have been recently introduced to overcome such issue. The primary aim of this pilot study was to compare the push-out bond strength of hollow posts and traditional solid posts.

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It's known that a magnesium (Mg)-deficient diet is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. The aim of this work is to investigate, by a histological approach, the effects of a Mg-deprived diet on the bone of 8-weeks-old C57BL/6J male mice. Treated and control mice were supplied with a Mg-deprived or normal diet for 8 weeks, respectively.

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Animal and human bone damage can be considered differently according to a macro- or micro-level analysis [...

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Biophysical energies are a versatile tool to stimulate tissues by generating biopotentials. In particular, pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) stimulation has intrigued researchers since the 1970s. To date, many investigations have been carried out in vivo, but a gold standard treatment protocol has not yet been defined.

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This clinical and histologic case series aims to evaluate a novel flapless approach to alveolar ridge reconstruction (ARR) of compromised extraction sockets by means of collagenated xenograft sealed with three resorbable layers of hole-punched membrane. Eight postextraction sockets without buccal and/or palatal bone walls and with adjacent natural teeth from eight consecutive patients were included. Pretreatment CBCT scanning was performed.

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This study aimed to examine the penetration depth into dentinal tubules of some chelating agents. The 17% EDTA and two preparations containing surfactants (Smear Clear, Bioakt Endo) were tested. Surface tension and liquid viscosity were measured using a Dynamic Contact Angle Analyzer and a Haake rotational rheometer.

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This study evaluated tubule penetration of GuttaFlow Bioseal with cold single cone or carrier-based technique, under confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Twenty straight single-rooted teeth were instrumented with Hyflex CM and divided in two groups (n = 10) according to the obturation method: single cold gutta-percha cones; experimental carrier-based obturators. GuttaFlow Bioseal, labelled with Rhodamine B dye, was used as sealer in both groups.

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Bone and muscle have been recognized as endocrine organs since they produce and secrete "hormone-like factors" that can mutually influence each other and other tissues, giving rise to a "bone-muscle crosstalk". In our study, we made use of myogenic (C2C12 cells) and osteogenic (2T3 cells) cell lines to investigate the effects of muscle cell-produced factors on the maturation process of osteoblasts. We found that the myogenic medium has inhibitory effects on bone cell differentiation and we identified sclerostin as one of the myokines produced by muscle cells.

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Resorbable membranes are well described and employed for horizontal guided bone regeneration (GBR). However, the currently available literature does not provide information on the bone volumetric changes during the healing that follows GBR procedures and dental implant placement. Therefore, the aim of this pilot study was to initially analyze the volumetric bone changes after treating pristine edentulous mandibular defects with lateral GBR using freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) and collagen resorbable membrane.

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The Osteocyte, recognized as a major orchestrator of osteoblast and osteoclast activity, is the most important key player during bone remodeling processes. Imbalances occurring during bone remodeling, caused by hormone perturbations or by mechanical loading alterations, can induce bone pathologies such as osteoporosis. Recently, the active fraction of parathormone, PTH (1-34) or Teriparatide (TPTD), was chosen as election treatment for osteoporosis.

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Given the current prolonged life expectancy, various pathologies affect increasingly the aging subjects. Regarding the musculoskeletal apparatus, bone fragility induces more susceptibility to fractures, often not accompanied by good ability of self-repairing, in particular when critical-size defects (CSD) occur. Currently orthopedic surgery makes use of allografting and autografting which, however, have limitations due to the scarce amount of tissue that can be taken from the donor, the possibility of disease transmission and donor site morbidity.

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The present study is the second step (concerning normal diet restoration) of the our previous study (concerning the calcium-free diet) to determine whether normal diet restoration, with/without concomitant PTH (1-34) administration, can influence amounts and deposition sites of the total bone mass. Histomorphometric evaluations and immunohistochemical analysis for Sclerostin expression were conducted on the vertebral bodies and femurs in the rat model. The final goals are (i) to define timing and manners of bone mass changes when calcium is restored to the diet, (ii) to analyze the different involvement of the two bony architectures having different metabolism (i.

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The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Manual Dynamic Agitation and Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation on sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) penetration into dentinal tubules using its bleaching ability. Thirty-four single-rooted teeth with round-shaped root canals were distributed in two homogeneous groups and one control group, characterized by different NaOCl activation systems: Manual Dynamic Agitation and Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation. After instrumentation, all root canals were stained with 10% copper sulphate solution followed by 1% rubeanic acid alcohol solution under vacuum.

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Clinical advantages of piezosurgery have been already proved. However, few investigations have focused on the dynamics of bone healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in adult rabbits, bone regeneration after cranial linear osteotomies with two piezoelectrical devices (Piezosurgery Medical - PM and Piezosurgery Plus - PP), comparing them with conventional rotary osteotomes (RO).

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates how osteocytes, the bone cells, respond to mechanical stress in a model using Xenopus laevis (frog) bones, which lack blood vessels and contain only osteocytes.
  • In experiments involving 210 frogs, some were subjected to forced swimming while others swam freely, allowing researchers to compare protein changes in their long bones and muscles post-exercise.
  • The analysis revealed that stressed frogs exhibited increased phosphorylation of specific proteins (Erk1/2 and Akt), indicating that mechanical stress activates signaling pathways in osteocytes, potentially influencing bone adaptation.
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Implants with rough surfaces are today widely used. It has been speculated that rough surfaces (Ra > 0.2 μm) provide a better "substrate" for retention and accumulation of plaque in terms of area, thickness and colony-forming unit that can eventually lead to peri mucositis and/or peri-implantitis.

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Osseointegration of a titanium implant is still an issue in dental/orthopedic implants durable over time. The good integration of these implants is mainly due to their surface and topography. We obtained an innovative titanium surface by shooting different-in-size particles of Al₂O₃ against the titanium scaffolds which seems to be ideal for bone integration.

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Introduction: Different irrigation systems have been developed to improve the efficacy and distribution of the irrigants. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of conventional endodontic needle irrigation with other irrigant delivery and/or agitation systems on sealer penetration into dentinal tubules.

Methods: Fifty single-rooted teeth with round-shaped root canals were distributed in 5 homogeneous groups characterized by the different cleansing system used: conventional endodontic needle irrigation, EndoActivator, Irrisafe, Self-Adjusting File, and EndoVac.

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The timetable of effects on bone repair of the active fraction-parathyroid hormone, PTH(1-34), was analytically investigated from the morphometric viewpoint in 3-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats, whose femurs were drilled at mid-diaphyseal level (transcortical holes). The animals were divided into groups with/without PTH(1-34) administration, and sacrificed at different times (10, 28, 45 days after surgery). The observations reported here need to be framed in the context of our previous investigations regarding bone histogenesis (Ferretti et al.

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Skeletal metastases are a common cause of severe morbidity, reduction in quality of life and often early mortality. Consequently, improvements in therapies are necessary. Electroporation uses electric energy to alter cancer cell membrane permeability and enhance the local uptake of chemotherapeutics, thus leading to local tumor control.

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Rats fed calcium-deprived diet develop osteoporosis due to enhanced bone resorption, secondary to parathyroid overactivity resulting from nutritional hypocalcemia. Therefore, rats provide a good experimental animal model for studying bone modelling alterations during biochemical osteoporosis. Three-month-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 4 groups: (1) baseline, (2) normal diet for 4 weeks, (3) calcium-deprived diet for 4 weeks, and (4) calcium-deprived diet for 4 weeks and concomitant administration of PTH (1-34) 40 µg/Kg/day.

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