Real-Time Source Apportionment of Organic Aerosols in Three European Cities.

97% of the urban population in the EU in 2019 were exposed to an annual fine particulate matter level higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines (5 μg/m). Organic aerosol (OA) is one of the major air pollutants, and the knowledge of its sources is crucial for designing cost-effective mitigation strategies. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) on aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) or aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) data is the most common method for source apportionment (SA) analysis on ambient OA.

Secondary organic aerosol formation in China from urban-lifestyle sources: Vehicle exhaust and cooking emission.

An increasing number of people tend to live in cities, where they suffer from serious air pollution from anthropogenic sources. Vehicle exhaust and cooking emission are closely related to daily life of urban residents, and could be defined as "urban-lifestyle sources". The primary emissions of urban-lifestyle sources tend to form abundant secondary organic aerosols (SOA) through complicated atmospheric chemistry processes.

Source attribution and quantification of atmospheric nickel concentrations in an industrial area in the United Kingdom (UK).

Pontardawe in South Wales, United Kingdom (UK), consistently has the highest concentrations of nickel (Ni) in PM in the UK and repeatedly breaches the 20 ng m annual mean EU target value. Several local industries use Ni in their processes. To assist policy makers and regulators in quantifying the relative Ni contributions of these industries and developing appropriate emission reduction approaches, the hourly concentrations of 23 elements were measured using X-ray fluorescence alongside meteorological variables and black carbon during a four-week campaign in November-December 2015.

Observations Confirm that Volatile Chemical Products Are a Major Source of Petrochemical Emissions in U.S. Cities.

Despite decades of declining air pollution, urban U.S. areas are still affected by summertime ozone and wintertime particulate matter exceedance events.

Sources of particulate-matter air pollution and its oxidative potential in Europe.

Particulate matter is a component of ambient air pollution that has been linked to millions of annual premature deaths globally. Assessments of the chronic and acute effects of particulate matter on human health tend to be based on mass concentration, with particle size and composition also thought to play a part. Oxidative potential has been suggested to be one of the many possible drivers of the acute health effects of particulate matter, but the link remains uncertain.

Chemical characterization of PM and source apportionment of organic aerosol in New Delhi, India.

Delhi is one of the most polluted cities worldwide and a comprehensive understanding and deeper insight into the air pollution and its sources is of high importance. We report 5 months of highly time-resolved measurements of non-refractory PM and black carbon (BC). Additionally, source apportionment based on positive matrix factorization (PMF) of the organic aerosol (OA) fraction is presented.

Cooking and electronic cigarettes leading to large differences between indoor and outdoor particle composition and concentration measured by aerosol mass spectrometry.

We spend about two thirds of our time in private homes where airborne particles of indoor and outdoor origins are present. The negative health effects of exposure to outdoor particles are known. The characteristics of indoor airborne particles, though, are not well understood.

Source apportionment of fine particulate matter in a Middle Eastern Metropolis, Tehran-Iran, using PMF with organic and inorganic markers.

With over 8 million inhabitants and 4 million motor vehicles on the streets, Tehran is one of the most crowded and polluted cities in the Middle East. Frequent exceedances of national daily PM limit have been reported in this city during the last decade, yet, the chemical composition and sources of fine particles are poorly determined. In the present study, 24-hour PM samples were collected at two urban sites during two separate campaigns, a one-year period from 2014 to 2015 and another three-month period at the beginning of 2017.

Characterization of Primary Organic Aerosol from Domestic Wood, Peat, and Coal Burning in Ireland.

An aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) was deployed to study the primary nonrefractory submicron particulate matter emissions from the burning of commercially available solid fuels (peat, coal, and wood) typically used in European domestic fuel stoves. Organic mass spectra (MS) from burning wood, peat, and coal were characterized and intercompared for factor analysis against ambient data. The reference profiles characterized in this study were used to estimate the contribution of solid fuel sources, along with oil combustion, to ambient pollution in Galway, Ireland using the multilinear engine (ME-2).

Chemical characterization of submicron aerosol particles during wintertime in a northwest city of China using an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometry.

An Aerodyne quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometry (Q-AMS) was utilized to measure the size-resolved chemical composition of non-refractory submicron particles (NR-PM) from October 27 to December 3, 2014 at an urban site in Lanzhou, northwest China. The average NR-PM mass concentration was 37.3 μg m (ranging from 2.

Size-Resolved Identification, Characterization, and Quantification of Primary Biological Organic Aerosol at a European Rural Site.

Primary biological organic aerosols (PBOA) represent a major component of the coarse organic matter (OMCOARSE, aerodynamic diameter > 2.5 μm). Although this fraction affects human health and the climate, its quantification and chemical characterization currently remain elusive.

High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze events in China.

Rapid industrialization and urbanization in developing countries has led to an increase in air pollution, along a similar trajectory to that previously experienced by the developed nations. In China, particulate pollution is a serious environmental problem that is influencing air quality, regional and global climates, and human health. In response to the extremely severe and persistent haze pollution experienced by about 800 million people during the first quarter of 2013 (refs 4, 5), the Chinese State Council announced its aim to reduce concentrations of PM2.