A holistic evaluation of patients with chronic Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection enrolled in the Italian PITER-B and delta cohort.

Background And Aims: We aimed to characterize the epidemiologic and comorbidities profiles of patients with chronic Hepatitis D (CHD) followed in clinical practice in Italy and explored their interferon (IFN) eligibility.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of the PITER cohort consisting of consecutive HBsAg-positive patients from 59 centers over the period 2019-2023. Multivariable analysis was performed by logistic regression model.

Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of Candida parapsilosis bloodstream isolates: Health Care Associated Infections in a teaching Hospital in Italy.

Background: Candidemia is the most common healthcare associated invasive fungal infection. Over the last few decades, candidemia caused by Candida species other than Candida albicans, particularly the Candida parapsilosis complex, has emerged worldwide. The aims of this study were: to analyze the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of C.

the new fungal threat.

is an emergent fungal pathogen of particular concern. Since its first identification in Japan in 2009, it rapidly spread all over the world, including Italy. The main concern related to the diffusion of this fungus is its antifungal resistance.

The Clinical Characteristics of Bloodstream Infections Due to spp. in Patients Hospitalized in Intensive Care Units during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: The Results of a Multicenter Study.

Candidemia is a serious health threat. Whether this infection has a greater incidence and a higher mortality rate in patients with COVID-19 is still debated. In this multicenter, retrospective, observational study, we aimed to identify the clinical characteristics associated with the 30-day mortality in critically ill patients with candidemia and to define the differences in candidemic patients with and without COVID-19.

Efficacy of bezlotoxumab in preventing the recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection: an Italian multicenter cohort study.

Objectives: Bezlotoxumab (BEZ) is a promising tool for preventing the recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI). The aim of the study was to emulate, in a real-world setting, the MODIFY trials in a cohort of participants with multiple risk factors for rCDI treated with BEZ in addition to the standard of care (SoC) versus SoC alone.

Methods: A multicenter cohort study was conducted including 442 patients with Clostridioides difficile infection from 2018 to 2022, collected from 18 Italian centers.

Secondary Infections in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Study.

Patients with severe COVID-19, especially those followed in the ICU, are at risk for developing bacterial and fungal superinfections. In this study, we aimed to describe the burden of hospital-acquired superinfections in a cohort of consecutive, severe COVID-19 patients hospitalized between February and May 2021 in the intensive care unit (ICU) department of San Salvatore Hospital in Pesaro, Italy. Among 89 patients considered, 68 (76.

Antifungal Combinations against Species: From Bench to Bedside.

Candida spp. is the major causative agent of fungal infections in hospitalized patients and the fourth most common cause of nosocomial bloodstream infection (BSI). The availability of standardized methods for testing the in vitro activity of antifungals along with the expanding of antifungal armamentarium, the rising of drug-resistance and the persistence of a high mortality rate in systemic candidiasis have led to an increased interest in combination therapy.

In Vitro Activity of Novel Lipopeptides against Triazole-Resistant .

Aspergillosis, which is mainly sustained by , includes a broad spectrum of diseases. They are usually severe in patients with co-morbidities. The first-line therapy includes triazoles, for which an increasing incidence of drug resistance has been lately described.

Ceftazidime-Avibactam for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens: A Retrospective, Single Center Study.

Background: Ceftazidime/avibactam is a new cephalosporin/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination approved in 2015 by the FDA for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal and urinary tract infection, hospital-acquired pneumoniae and Gram-negative infections with limited treatment options. Methods: In this retrospective study, we evaluate the efficacy of ceftazidime/avibactam treatment in 81 patients with Gram-negative infection treated in our center from January 2018 to December 2019. The outcome evaluated was 30-days survival or relapse of infection after the first positive blood culture.

Candidemia in Internal Medicine: Facing the New Challenge.

Candidemia is an alarming problem in critically ill patients including those admitted in Internal Medicine Wards (IMWs). Here, we analyzed all cases of candidemia in adult patients hospitalized over nine years (2010-2018) in IMWs of a 980-bedded University Hospital of Ancona, Italy. During the study period, 218/505 (43%) episodes of candidemia occurred in IMWs patients.

Candidemia: Evolution of Drug Resistance and Novel Therapeutic Approaches.

Candidemia and invasive candidiasis are the most common healthcare-associated invasive fungal infections, with a crude mortality rate of 25-50%. remains the most frequent etiology, followed by and . With the exception of a limited number of species (ie: and rare species), resistance to fluconazole and other triazoles are quite uncommon.

Cefiderocol treatment for carbapenem-resistant infection in the ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multicentre cohort study.

Objectives: To analyse the impact of cefiderocol use on outcome in patients admitted to the ICU for severe COVID-19 and further diagnosed with carbapenem-resistant (CR-Ab) infection.

Methods: Retrospective multicentre observational study was performed at four Italian hospitals, from January 2020 to April 2021. Adult patients admitted to ICU for severe COVID-19 and further diagnosed with CR-Ab infections were enrolled.

Antifungal Combinations in Dermatophytes.

Dermatophytes are the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide, affecting millions of people annually. The emergence of resistance among dermatophytes along with the availability of antifungal susceptibility procedures suitable for testing antifungal agents against this group of fungi make the combinatorial approach particularly interesting to be investigated. Therefore, we reviewed the scientific literature concerning the antifungal combinations against dermatophytes.

High Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance among Opportunistic Pathogens Isolated from Patients with COVID-19 under Mechanical Ventilation: Results of a Single-Center Study.

The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on antibiotic resistance diffusion in healthcare settings has not been fully investigated. In this study we evaluated the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among opportunistic pathogens isolated from patients with COVID-19 under mechanical ventilation. An observational, retrospective, analysis was performed on confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the ICU department of San Salvatore Hospital in Pesaro, Italy, from 1 February 2021 to 31 May 2021.

Bloodstream infections in the COVID-19 era: results from an Italian multi-centre study.

Background: Correlation between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and superinfections has been investigated, but remains to be fully assessed. This multi-centre study reports the impact of the pandemic on bloodstream infections (BSIs).

Methods: This study included all patients with BSIs admitted to four Italian hospitals between 1 January and 30 June 2020.

Candidemia in intensive care units over nine years at a large Italian university hospital: Comparison with other wards.

Purpose: Candidemia is an alarming problem in critically ill patients including those admitted in intensive care units (ICUs). We aimed to describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics of bloodstream infections (BSIs) due to Candida spp. in patients admitted to ICUs of an italian tertiary referral university hospital over nine years.

Clinical characteristics, management and health related quality of life in young to middle age adults with COVID-19.

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 has rapidly spread to Italy, including Pesaro-Urbino province. Data on young to middle age adults with COVID-19 are lacking. We report the characteristics, management and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with COVID-19 aging ≤50 years.

Efficacy of corticosteroid treatment for hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19: a multicentre study.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of corticosteroids in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: A multicentre observational study was performed from 22 February through 30 June 2020. We included consecutive adult patients with severe COVID-19, defined as respiratory rate ≥30 breath per minute, oxygen saturation ≤93% on ambient air or arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ≤300 mm Hg.

Effectiveness of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19 under mechanical ventilation in an Italian ICU.

Background: Remdesivir is a prodrug with in vitro activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Its clinical efficacy in patients with COVID-19 under mechanical ventilation remains to be evaluated.

Methods: This study includes patients under mechanical ventilation with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to the ICU of Pesaro hospital between 29 February and 20 March 2020.

Development and validation of a prediction model for severe respiratory failure in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicentre cohort study (PREDI-CO study).

Objectives: We aimed to develop and validate a risk score to predict severe respiratory failure (SRF) among patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: We performed a multicentre cohort study among hospitalized (>24 hours) patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from 22 February to 3 April 2020, at 11 Italian hospitals. Patients were divided into derivation and validation cohorts according to random sorting of hospitals.

Species distribution and antifungal susceptibilities of bloodstream isolates: a nine-years single center survey.

This study analyzed the epidemiology of bloodstream infections due to spp. in a tertiary referral hospital of Ancona, Italy, and their susceptibility to antifungals. The retrospective observational study from January 2010 to December 2018 identified 504 episodes of candidemia in 461 patients.